| 摘要: | 為了釐清糖尿病在我國名列十大死因的第六位且持續上升的趨勢，以及罹患者年齡層明顯下降的情況，本研究的主要目的在於探討臺灣糖尿病患者自身健康識能與自我照顧管理的相關性。
本研究運用政府部門公布之資料進行「次級資料分析法」。資料核准取得後，採用次數分配、百分比、平均數、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析、羅吉斯迴歸分析等統計方式進行資料分析，以瞭解糖尿病患者健康識能與自我照顧管理之間的相關性。主要研究結果如下:
一、糖尿病患者在健康識能的得分普遍中上，表示多數患者的健康識能良好。其中，理解健康資訊的得分最高，顯示患者在資訊理解能力較強；而評估健康資訊的得分較低，代表患者在評估自身健康狀況方面較弱。
二、病患的「健康識能」會因「年齡」、「教育程度」、「婚姻狀況」、「家庭月收入」、「罹患年數」的不同而有顯著差異。其中，年齡大於70歲、教育程度國中以下、未婚、收入低於兩萬、罹患年數在1至5年或11年以上的患者在健康識能方面的知識較為不足。
三、病患的「自我照顧管理」會因「年齡」、「教育程度」、「家庭月收入」、「有無糖尿病家族史」的不同而有顯著差異。其中，「營養標示的判讀」、「血糖機的使用」、「正常血糖值的認知」皆會因年齡增長、教育程度低、家庭月收入低、無糖尿病家族史而較差。
四、健康識能顯著增加理解食品營養標示、知道如何使用血糖機、了解血糖機訊息及知道糖尿病患正常空腹血糖值的概率，分別增加11.0%、6.7%、8.3%和8.5%。然而，健康識能對使用運動輔助工具和明白藥袋上的資訊無顯著影響，對了解糖尿病藥物的使用有一定影響但未達顯著水準。
綜合以上研究結果可以發現，高年齡、教育程度低、收入低及未婚的民眾在健康識能方面的知識較低，進而影響自我照顧管理的能力，導致自身疾病有惡化風險。因此，建議相關衛生及醫療機構根據患者的不同個人背景因素，設計能使患者清楚明白的健康識能教育方法。提升患者健康知識，將有助於疾病管理及預防，並協助患者提升生活品質。
In order to clarify the fact that diabetes ranks sixth among the top ten causes of death in my country and continues to rise, as well as the obvious decline in the age group of patients. The main motivation of this study is to explore factors related to health literacy and self-care management among patients with diabetes in Taiwan. The research method of this study will use the data published by the government department to conduct "secondary data analysis method". After the data is approved and obtained, frequency distribution, percentage, independent sample T test, one-way Anova, chi-square test analysis, etc. will be used. This data analysis was conducted using statistical methods. To understand the correlation between personal background variables (comorbid disease conditions) and health literacy and self-care management. The results are as follows:
1. The health literacy scores of diabetic patients are generally above average, which means that most patients have good health literacy. Among them, the score for understanding health information is the highest, indicating that patients have strong ability to understand information; while the score for evaluating health information is low, indicating that patients are weak in evaluating their own health status.
2. The "health knowledge" of patients will vary significantly depending on their "age", "education level", "marital status", "family monthly income", and "years of illness". Among them, patients who are older than 70 years old, have an education below junior high school, are unmarried, have an income of less than 20,000, and have been suffering from the disease for 1 to 5 years or more than 11 years have relatively insufficient knowledge in health literacy.
3. Patients’ “self-care management” will vary significantly depending on their “age”, “education level”, “family monthly income”, and “family history of diabetes”. Among them, "interpretation of nutrition labels", "use of blood glucose machines", and "cognition of normal blood sugar levels" will all be poorer due to age, low education, low monthly family income, and no family history of diabetes.
4. Health literacy can significantly increase the probability of understanding food nutrition labels, knowing how to use a blood glucose machine, understanding blood glucose machine information, and knowing the normal fasting blood glucose value for diabetics by 11.0%, 6.7%, 8.3%, and 8.5% respectively. However, health literacy has no significant impact on the use of exercise aids and understanding the information on medicine bags. It has a certain impact on understanding the use of diabetes medications but not at a significant level.
Based on the above research results, it can be found that people who are older, have lower education, lower income, and are unmarried have lower knowledge of health literacy, which in turn affects their ability to take care of themselves and puts them at risk of worsening their own diseases. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant health and medical institutions design health literacy education methods that can be clearly understood by patients based on their different personal background factors. Improving patients' health knowledge will contribute to disease management and prevention, and help patients improve their quality of life. |
