| 摘要: | 「調查及研究適合本土之鵪鶉飼養模式計畫」之中文摘要：
一、「調查及研究適合本土之動物福祉政策」
台灣目前鵪鶉飼養歷史悠久，但因為在過去並未列為法定家禽，無論在飼養規模、密度、型態等都缺乏統計及規範，管理不易。近年來，國際間各種農場動物的動物福祉都廣受重視，而鵪鶉因為其數量及規模之故，雖在國際間有受到關注，然我國卻缺乏動物福祉之觀念，也未曾討論過鵪鶉之動物福祉政策。行政院農業委員會已於111年1月1日將鵪鶉列為我國法定之家禽之一，產業即將面對各種挑戰，包含牧場登記、污染防治、產品溯源等問題皆亟待解決。爰此，本計畫擬調查鵪鶉業者，並選擇數場鵪鶉飼養場，透過實際到場訪視、觀察與採樣分析，以了解各鵪鶉飼養場飼養密度與型態，歸納出適合本土飼養鵪鶉之動物福祉條件。此外，透過蒐集國際間文獻資料及參考國際間鵪鶉之動物福祉政策，提出適合本土條件之動物福祉政策參考。結果顯示，大多數的動物福祉指標均無顯著的差異。以飼養型態而言，4種指標評估並不一致，以飼養密度而言，低密度飼養之血液皮質酮有較低之趨勢。以飼養籠高度而言，血液皮質酮及H/L比皆顯示高度較高的場都有較佳的指標表現。整體而言，因為受訪場數有限，且環境條件都不一樣，各自有優缺點，因此難以比較出其福祉指標之優劣。且整體看來，所有受訪場的環境條件均不佳，因此分析之指標值都偏向較差的動物福祉表現。
二、「調查及研究不同飼養環境對本土鵪鶉產蛋率、蛋品質與排泄物氣味之影響」
於110年，鵪鶉列為我國法定家禽之一，就長期而言，鵪鶉飼養場納管對業者經營規模發展開拓另一個層次的成長空間，過去未將鵪鶉列為法定家禽，並無針對鵪鶉製定相關之飼養標準流程，以致鵪鶉養殖業者飼養時無相關依據可遵循，在追求經濟效益之考量下，業者多以高密度飼養，以致鵪鶉可能互相啄羽影響健康以致影響飼養結果。因此本計畫經普查後選擇數場鵪鶉飼養場，透過實際到場訪視調查與輔導，以瞭解台灣地區現行鵪鶉飼養場之現況。在透過比較不同飼養條件之飼養結果（現場氨氣濃度、生產效率及蛋品質）中發現，主要影響產蛋率之因素有溫度與通風能力，而通風能力是影響禽舍溫度的主要因素；飼養密度部份調查結果範圍落於0.4~2.4(㎡/每百隻)，在密度過高之飼養條件下，禽群易因躁動而影響產蛋的過程，導致產蛋率降低。蛋殼品質是影響後端加工之要素，本研究中將蛋殼品質分為硬度與厚度，由分析結果發現，蛋殼硬度受飼養密度之影響，推測因禽群密度越高，容易因躁動而影響產蛋的過程，導致蛋殼生成的過程因受打擾而提早產出體外，以致蛋殼硬度不足，而蛋殼厚度主要受溫度之影響，推測因環境溫度高使禽群過度喘息，導致蛋殼較薄。禽舍糞便氣味（氨氣濃度）部份，低溼度及良好的通風能力都有助於降低舍內糞便氣味。
三、「研析鵪鶉糞便加工再利用方法」
本年度共選擇7家鵪鶉飼養場，針對其糞便及飼料於冷季(2月)及熱季(7~8月)進行採樣與分析。兩季鵪鶉糞便pH為6~7、有機質為68.2~75.6%、全氮為4.8~8.1%、全磷酐為5.7~7.7%、全氧化鉀為1.6~4.0%、銅為28~58 mg/kg、鋅為188~330 mg/kg，其餘四項重金屬多數低於偵測極限，飼料的銅及鋅濃度則分別為28~58及84~158 mg/kg，糞便中的銅及鋅濃度分別為飼料的1.6~1.8倍及1.6~2.5倍。兩季之分析結果顯示，國內鵪鶉糞便之全氧化鉀含量與國外文獻之結果相近，但國內鵪鶉糞便具有較高之全氮及全磷酐含量，而銅及鋅濃度則較低。若是將冷季與熱季的糞便進行比較，整體而言，兩季除了糞便之有機質相近及熱季飼料鋅濃度較高外，其餘性質冷季均比熱季高1.1~1.5倍。
四、「編撰標準國內鵪鶉飼養手冊」
本計畫目標係編撰國內標準鵪鶉飼養手冊，分為兩部分進行，(1)彙整國內鵪鶉飼養基礎資料，製作手冊供鵪鶉飼養之參考(2)手冊撰寫，內容包含蒐集國內外研究資訊、優良飼養戶相關飼養資料，飼料成分、用藥規定、動福政策等等，提供國內業者標準飼養管理模式，已提升鵪鶉產業生產性能、增加利潤、降低生產成本及飼養過程中對環境之影響，促進整體產業發展。
Abstract of Investigation and research for optimal localized quail feeding and management model：
1. Investigation and research for optimal localized quail animal welfare policy :
Quail industry has a long history in Taiwan, but has not been listed as a statutory poultry in the past. Therefor, there is a lack of statistics and standards in terms of farm size, feeding density and housing type which results in difficulty of government management. In recent years, the animal welfare of various farm animals has been widely noticed worldwide. Although quail has received international attention due to its number and scale, our local farmers lack the concept of animal welfare and has never discussed the animal welfare policy of quail. The Agriculture Committee of the Executive Yuan listed quail as one of the statutory poultry this year. The industry is about to face various challenges, including registration, pollution prevention, and product traceability, which all need to be resolved urgently. In this regard, this project intends to investigate quail operators and select several quail farms. Through actual site visits, observations and sampling,we can understand the density and type of quail farms, and summarize the conditions suitable for local quail welfare. In addition, by searching literatures and referring to the international animal welfare policy of quail, we will propose a reference for animal welfare policy suitable for local conditions. The results showed no significant differences in most AW indicators. In terms of housing type, the evaluations of the four indicators were not consistent. In terms of housing density, the blood corticosterone tended to be lower in low-density housing. In terms of cage height, the blood corticosterone and H/L ratios both showed that the cages with higher heights showedbetter AW. Overall, because the number of selected farms is limited and the environmental conditions are different, each has its own goodsand bads, so it is difficult to compare their AW indicators. Overall, the environmental conditions of all the iselected farmsare not so good, so the indicators analyzed are all biased towards poor animal welfare performance.
2. Investigate and study the effects of different rearing environments on of a local quail feeding environment on egg production, quality and fecal odor :
In 110, quail was listed as one of the legal poultry in my country. In the long run, the management of quail farms has opened up another level of growth space for the development of the business scale of the industry. The relevant breeding standard process, so that the quail breeders have no relevant basis to follow when feeding. Before that, most of them used the "Approach for the Review of Agricultural Land for Agricultural Facilities" as a reference, but the standards are no longer sufficient for the current situation. Considering the benefits, the operators tend to raise them at high density, so that the quails may peck each other's feathers and affect their health. Therefore, this project plans to select several quail farms after the census, and through the actual on-site visit, survey and counseling, to understand the current situation of the existing quail farms in Taiwan. By comparing the rearing results of different rearing conditions (on-site ammonia concentration, production efficiency and egg quality), it was found that the main factors affecting the egg production rate were temperature and ventilation capacity, and ventilation capacity was the main factor affecting the temperature of the poultry house; feeding The density part of the survey results ranged from 0.4 to 2.4 (㎡/100 birds). Under high density feeding conditions, the flocks are prone to agitation and affect the egg-laying process, resulting in lower egg-laying rates. Eggshell quality is a factor that affects back-end processing. In this study, eggshell quality is divided into hardness and thickness. From the analysis results, it is found that eggshell hardness is affected by stocking density. Affecting the process of egg production, resulting in the process of egg shell generation being disturbed and resulting in premature delivery of the egg shell, resulting in insufficient egg shell hardness, and egg shell thickness is mainly affected by temperature. The shell is thin. In the part of the fecal odor (ammonia concentration) of the poultry house, low humidity and good ventilation can help reduce the fecal odor in the house.
3. Assessment of the feasibility of reusing quail feces as organic fertilizer :
Feces and feeds of quail were collected from seven feeding farms during spring (February) and summer (July and August)and analyzed their basic characteristics. The pH and total contents of organic matter, nitrogen, P2O5, K2O, Cu, and Zn was 6-7, 68.2-75.6%, 4.8-8.1%, 5.7-7.7%, 1.6-4.0%, 28-58 mg/kg, and 188-330 mg/kg, respectively. The total contents of other four heavy metals were not detectable in general and total contents of Cu and Zn in the feeds was 28-58 and 84-158 mg/kg, respectively. Total concentrations of Cu and Zn in the quail feces was 1.6-1.8 and 1.6-2.5 times higher than that in the feeds. Compared with previous studies conducted in other countries, Taiwan's quail feces had similar content of totalK2O. The total contents of nitrogen and P2O5 were higher ; however, total contents of Cu and Zn were lower. Moreover, almost all of characteristics of feces analyzed in the spring were higher compared with summer except for organic matter.
4. Compilation of standard feeding manual for domestic quails :
The objective of this project is to establish the manual of domestic quail standard feeding. This project is divided into two parts: (1) organizinginformation of domestic quail feeding to makes manuals for the reference of raising quals (2) writingmanuals which include domestic and foreign research information, the list of excellent farmers, feed composition,medication regulations and the animalwelfare policy, etc. so that they can supply standard model of quail feeding for domestic farmers to raise production performance, increase profit, decrease cost and impacts on the environment from feeding process in order to promote the development of the whole industry. |
