| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討中高齡者「社會興趣」、「靈性健康」與「健康意識」之關係。本研究係採用問卷調查法，以大臺北地區年滿 45 歲之中高齡者為研究對象，共發放450份問卷，回收問卷為443份，回收率為98%，有效問卷為437份。所使用之問卷測量工具包括「個人基本資料」（11題）、「社會興趣量表」（27題）（蒙光俊，2009）、「靈性健康量表」（25題）（沈勝川，2017）及「健康意識量表」（9題）（洪韻玲，2018），共72題。本研究使用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、多元迴歸分析以及結構方程模型 (SEM) 等統計方法進行分析。研究結果如下。
一、不同背景變項對中高齡者社會興趣、靈性健康與健康意識之分析：
（一）中高齡者的社會興趣、靈性健康與健康意識狀態良好，皆屬中上程度。
（二）中高齡者之社會興趣會因「生理性別」、「年齡」、「宗教信仰」、「最常參加的一種社會活動類型」不同而有顯著差異，女性的社會興趣平均高於男性。
（三）中高齡者之靈性健康會因「生理性別」、「年齡」、「婚姻狀況」、「宗教信仰」、「最常參加的一種社會活動類型」不同而有顯著差異；女性平均高於男性，「65歲以上」大於「50-54歲」，宗教信仰方面基督教大於無宗教信仰。
（四）中高齡者之健康意識會因「年齡」、「婚姻狀況」和「宗教信仰」不同而有顯著差異。
（五）中高齡者的社會興趣、健康意識與靈性健康，三者之間皆有顯著正相關。
二、中高齡者社會興趣、靈性健康與健康意識之結構方程模型分析：
（一）中高齡者社會興趣對靈性健康與健康意識具有預測力。
（二）中高齡者健康意識對靈性健康具有預測力。
（三）健康意識在社會興趣與靈性健康間具有中介效果。
最後，依據本研究結果提出建議，以提供中高齡者、政府機關及後續研究者。
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between social interest, spiritual health, and health consciousness among middle-aged and older adults. The study used survey method and recruited middle-aged and older adults who have reached the age of 45 in the Greater Taipei Area, where 450 questionnaires were distributed, and 443 questionnaires were retrieved with a response rate of 98%, and among which were 437 valid responses. Four survey instruments were used in the questionnaire, including “personal background information (11 items), the “Social Interest Scale (SIS)” (27 items) (Meng, 2009), the “Spiritual Health Scale for the Elderly inTaiwan (SHS)” (25 items) (Shen, 2017), and the “Health Awareness Scale (HAS)” (9 items) (Hung, 2018), with a total of 72 items. The study conducted analysis by statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Research findings are shown below:
1.Differences are found in SIS, the SHS, and the HAS with different personal background variables:
(1)Middle-aged and older adults generally have high level of “social interest,” “spiritual health,” and “health consciousness.”
(2)The level of “social interest” among middle-aged and older adults is significantly different in those who have different types of gender, age, religious beliefs, and social participation.
(3)The level of “spiritual health” among middle-aged and older adults is significantly different in those who have different types of gender, age, marital status, religious beliefs, and social participation.
(4)The level of “health consciousness” among middle-aged and older adults is significantly different in those who have different types of age, marital status, and religious beliefs.
(5)The relationships between social interest and spiritual health, social interest and health consciousness, and health consciousness and spiritual health are shown to have positive correlations.
2.The analytical results of SEM are as follows:
(1)The predictive power of social interest on spiritual health and health consciousness were found.
(2)The predictive power of health consciousness on spiritual health was found.
(3)The results show that health consciousness mediated between social interest and spiritual health.
Based on the research findings, the researcher provides suggestions for middle-aged and older adults, government agencies, as well as future researchers. |
