| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解左營地區志願役軍人妻子「家庭壓力」與「婚姻品質」之現況，以及不同「個人背景因素」在「家庭壓力」與「婚姻品質」上之差異情形。另探討左營地區志願役軍人妻子「家庭壓力」與「婚姻品質」之相關性。更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」及「家庭壓力」對左營地區志願役軍人妻子「婚姻品質」的預測力。
本研究係採「立意抽樣」以及「滾雪球抽樣」方式進行取樣，選取左營地區志願役軍人妻子為研究對象，正式施測樣本為 500 份，扣除填答不完整等無效問卷後，實得有效樣本為 457 份，有效回收率為91.40%。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人背景資料表」、「家庭壓力量表」及「婚姻品質量表」。施測所得資料以SPSS for Windows 25.0進行結果 分析，分別採用：敘述統計、單一樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關，以及多元迴歸分析等統計方法加以分析，本研究結果如下：
一、左營地區志願役軍人妻子「家庭壓力」與「婚姻品質」之現況
（一） 左營地區志願役軍人妻子之整體「家庭壓力」傾向於「中低程度」。其中，以「家庭事件」的家庭壓力感受程度為最高，而以「家人相處」之家庭壓力感受程度為最低。
（二） 左營地區志願役軍人妻子之整體「婚姻品質」呈現「良好」之情況。其中，以「夫妻互動滿意度」的婚姻品質評價為最高，而以「一致程度」之婚姻品質評價為最低。
二、左營地區志願役軍人妻子「個人背景因素」對「家庭壓力」的差異情形
（一） 左營地區志願役軍人妻子之整體「家庭壓力」會因「丈夫單位性
質」、「丈夫職務性質」、「丈夫平均返家間隔天數」、「居住狀況」、「婆媳關係」、「工作壓力」的不同而有所差異。
（二） 左營地區志願役軍人妻子的「婆媳關係」與「家庭壓力」之間呈現顯著「低程度之負相關」；左營地區志願役軍人妻子的「工作壓力」與「家庭壓力」之間呈現顯著「低程度之正相關」。
三、左營地區志願役軍人妻子「個人背景因素」對「婚姻品質」的差
異情形
（一） 左營地區志願役軍人妻子之整體「婚姻品質」會因「子女數」、「社會支持資源」、「居住狀況」、「婆媳關係」、「工作壓力」的不同而有所差異。
（二） 左營地區志願役軍人妻子在「尊重接納」及「夫妻互動滿意度」等構面，會因「丈夫職務性質」之不同而有顯著差異。
（三） 左營地區志願役軍人妻子的「婆媳關係」與「婚姻品質」之間呈現顯著「低程度之正相關」；左營地區志願役軍人妻子的「工作壓力」與「婚姻品質」之間呈現顯著「低程度之負相關」。
四、左營地區志願役軍人妻子之「家庭壓力」與「婚姻品質」之間達顯著中程度之負相關。
五、左營地區志願役軍人妻子「個人背景因素」及「家庭壓力」對「婚姻品質」的預測力情形
左營地區志願役軍人妻子之「年齡」、「教育程度：高中職畢（含）以下」、「教育程度：大學畢」、「子女數」、「社會支持資源：親屬」、「婆媳關係」、「工作壓力」以及整體「家庭壓力」等變項，在整體「婚姻品質」上達顯著水準，能預測整體「婚姻品質」45%的變異量。亦即左營地區志願役軍人妻子「年齡」愈小者、「教育程度」為「研究所畢（含）以上」、「子女數」愈多、「社會支持資源」為「親屬」、「婆媳關係」愈佳、「工作壓力」愈小，以及整體「家庭壓力」愈小者，對於婚姻品質的評價愈高。
根據本研究發現，建議志願役軍人及其配偶可透過彼此換位思考、重視彼此溝通需求並坦誠表達，以建構和諧溫馨之婚姻家庭生活。並且時常盤點擁有的資源、積極建立鄰居互助網路關係，且重視並經營親屬間的互動關係。如此，當家庭遇到緊急事件時，方能即時妥適處理，使婚姻家庭生活與更趨完善。此外，建議政府主管機關檢討軍人工作時間的檢討與調整，並增設軍人家庭輔導機構，協助軍人家庭關係培養、情緒管理並增加軍人相關學識知能，以改善家庭與親子關係。
The purpose of this study was to realize the “family stress” and “marital quality” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area as well as how these attributes differed with their “personal backgrounds”. In addition, this study explored the relationship between “family stress” and “marital quality” and investigated the predictive power of “personal backgrounds” and “family stress” on “marital quality”.
“Purposive Sampling” and “Snowball Sampling” were employed to select the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area. A total of 500 formal questionnaires were distributed. After invalid responses (e.g., incomplete responses) were excluded, 457 valid responses were collected, yielding a valid return rate of 91.4%. The research instruments included “Questionnaire on Personal Background Data”, a “Family Stress Scale” and a “Marital Quality Scale” SPSS for Windows 25.0 was employed to analyze the data through Descriptive Statistics, One-Sample t-test, Independent-Sample t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Scheffe’ Method, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. The analysis results were as follows:
A. “Family Stress” and “Marital Quality” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area.
1. The overall “family stress” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area tends to be “moderately low preference”. Among them, the “family events” has the highest degree of family stress, and the “relationship with family” has the lowest degree of family stress.
2. The overall “marital quality” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area is “good”. Among them, the marital quality evaluation of “couple’s satisfaction of interaction” was the highest, and the marital quality evaluation of “consistency” was the lowest.
B. Differences in “Family Stress” with respect to “personal backgrounds”.
1. The overall “family stress” of the participants differed with their “nature of the husband’s unit”, “nature of the husband’s job”, “average number of days between husband’s return home”, “residential status”, “mother-in-law relationship”, and “work stress”.
2. There is showing significantly “negative correlation of low level” between the “mother-in-law relationship” and “family stress” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area; and there is showing significantly “positive correlation of low level” between the “work stress” and “family stress” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area.
C. Differences in “Marital Quality” with respect to “personal backgrounds”.
1. The overall “marital quality” of the participants differed with their “the number of children”, “the resources of social support”, “residential status”, “mother-in-law relationship”, and “work stress”.
2. The wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area have significant differences in aspects such as “acceptance with respect” and “couple’s satisfaction of interaction” depending on the nature of the husband’s job.
3. There is showing significantly “positive correlation of low level” between the “mother-in-law relationship” and “marital quality” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area; and there is showing significantly “negative correlation of low level” between the “work stress” and “marital quality” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area.
D. The “Family Stress” and “Marital Quality” of the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area are a significant moderate negative correlation.
E. Predictive power of “personal backgrounds ” and “Family Stress” on “Marital Quality”.
“Age”, “education level: high school graduate (inclusive) or less”, “education level: college graduate”, “the number of children”, “the resources of social support: relatives”, “mother-in-law relationship”, “work stress” and overall “family stress” impact significantly on overall “marital quality”, which can predict 45% of variables in subjects overall “marital quality”. This indicated that the wives of military volunteers in Zuoying area who were younger, the “education level” were “graduate (inclusive) or above”, the “the number of children” were greater, and the “the resources of social support” were “relatives” and “mother-in-law relationship” the better, the less the “work pressure”, and the less the overall “family stress”, the higher the evaluation of the quality of marriage.
According to the findings of this research, it is recommended that volunteer soldiers and their spouses can build a harmonious and warm marriage and family life through empathy, emphasizing communication needs and expressing honestly. Moreover, military volunteers always count the resources they own, actively establish a network of mutual assistance with neighbors, and emphasize and manage the interaction with relatives. In this way, when their family encounter emergency, they can deal with it immediately, and make the marriage and family life more perfect. In addition, it is recommended that the competent government agencies review the examination and adjustment of military working hours and add military family counselling agencies to assist military family relationship training, emotional management, and increase military knowledge and skills to improve family and parent-child relationships. |
