| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北地區成年人「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」之現況，並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」之臺北地區成年人分別在「挫折復原力」及「幸福感」上的差異情形，另探討臺北地區成年人的「挫折復原力」、「幸福感」之相關性。更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」分別對臺北地區成年人「挫折復原力」及「幸福感」的預測力。
本研究係採「立意取樣」進行，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市、新北市）之成年人為調查對象，正式施測樣本為420份，回收420份，回收率100%，實得有效樣本為418份，有效回收率99.5％，。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「挫折復原力量表」與「幸福感量表」。所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows2 2.0 進行次數分配與百分比、平均數與標準差、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、皮爾森積差相關與多元迴歸分析等。本研究結果如下：
一、臺北地區成年人「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」之現況
（一）臺北地區成年人的「挫折復原力」傾向於「佳」之狀況。其中，又以「有意義的生活」層面之挫折復原力為最高；而以「有平靜的心靈」層面的挫折復原力為最低。
（二）臺北地區成年人的「幸福感」傾向於「中高程度」之狀況，其中以「正向情緒」層面的幸福感為最高；又以「個人成就」層面的幸福感為最低。
二、不同「個人背景因素」之臺北地區成年人分別在「挫折復原力」上的差異情形
（一）臺北地區成年人之「婚姻狀況」中，「已婚」者之「挫折復原力」較「未婚」者為佳。
（二）臺北地區成年人之「宗教信仰」部份，以信仰「基督教」者之「挫折復原力」較「民間信仰」者為佳。
（三）臺北地區成年人之「家庭經濟壓力」愈高，其「挫折復原力」就愈低。
三、不同「個人背景因素」之臺北地區成年人分別在「幸福感」上的差異情形
（一）臺北地區「女性」成年人之幸福感較「男性」成年人為高。
（二）臺北地區成年人之婚姻狀況中，「已婚」者之幸福感較「未婚」者為高。
（三）臺北地區成年人之「家庭經濟壓力」愈高者，其「幸福感」就愈低。
四、臺北地區成年人的「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」之間相關情形
受試者之「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」間達顯著高度之正相關，也就是說，臺北地區成年人之「挫折復原力」愈高，則其「幸福感」也就愈高。
五、臺北地區成年人「個人背景因素」對「挫折復原力」的預測力情形
受試者之「教育程度：國中」、「教育程度：高中」、「教育程度：專科」、「教育程度：大學」、「宗教信仰：基督教」、「家庭經濟壓力」、「重大生活經驗：疾病」、「重大生活經驗：情感」等八個因素，在整體「挫折復原力」上達顯著水準，能預測受試者之整體「挫折復原力」11％的變異量。表示：當受試者之教育程度愈低、家庭經濟壓力愈大、有重大生活經驗-疾病、和重大生活經驗-情感者，則其挫折復原力就愈低。
六、臺北地區成年人「個人背景因素」對「幸福感」的預測力情形
受試者之「家庭經濟壓力」、「重大生活經驗-疾病」、「重大生活經驗-情感」在整體「幸福感」上達顯著水準，能預測受試者之整體「幸福感」15%的變異量。表示：當受試者之「家庭經濟壓力」愈大、有「重大生活經驗-疾病」、「重大生活經驗-情感」者，其幸福感就愈低。
七、臺北地區成年人「個人背景因素」與「挫折復原力」對「幸福感」的預測力情形。
受試者之「挫折復原力」在整體「幸福感」上達顯著水準，能預測受試者之整體「挫折復原力」70%的變異量。表示：臺北地區成年人「挫折復原力」對其「幸福感」愈正向，其幸福感也就愈高。
根據本研究的發現與結論，建議成年人在年輕時，宜做好財務規劃，當遇到經濟有壓力時，就較能坦然面對；並且鼓勵成年人多參與正信的宗教活動，藉由正信的宗教獲得心靈上的平靜；未婚者遇到困難時，也可向已婚者多請益，因為相對已婚者人生歷練韌性較堅強；成年人如果發生重大生活經驗時，也是要隨時鼓勵自己生命是很有意義的，不要輕言放棄。此外，建議心靈輔導單位，宜多認識各信仰類別的內涵和教義，以利未來在輔導因遇到困境時所引起的心理疾病個案時，可以起到心靈支持的功能，幫助個案挫折復原力的能力，渡過困境。最後，建議政府主管機關能持續提供成年人職業訓練機會與就業的媒合，以及更多元進修管道；並不定期舉辦身心靈成長相關課程，以增強成年人挫折復原之能力，以提升其幸福感。
The purpose of this research is to understand the current situation of Taipei adults’ “ resilience” and “ well-being”, and their difference as well as a prediction about it based on the “individual background factor”.
A “purposive sampling” is adopted to target on the adults living in Taipei area (Taipei City and New Taipei City). As a total of 420 questionnaires are distributed, 420 copies are recovered with an overall response rate of 100%, among which 418 are effective questionnaires and the effective response rate is 99.5%. The research instruments used include: “Personal Background Information ”, “ Resilience Scale” and “ Well-being Scale”. The data obtained are processed with “SPSS for Windows 22.0” to go through frequency distribution and percentage analysis, mean and standard deviation analysis, one-sample t test, independent-sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé method post hoc test, PPMCC and multiple regression analyses. The research results are as follows:
1. Current Situation of Taipei Adults’ Resilience and Well-being
(1) While the capability of resilience of adults living in Taipei area tends to be “good”, it is of the highest level in the aspect of “meaningful life” and the lowest in the aspect of “peaceful mind”.
(2) While the adults living in Taipei area have a sense of well-being that tends to be “medium high”, it is the highest in the aspect of “positive emotion” and the lowest in the aspect of “personal achievement”.
2. Difference of Taipei Adults’ “Resilience” on the Basis of “Individual Background Factor”
(1) In the aspect of “marital status”, the “married” adults living in Taipei area have better resilience than those “single” adults do.
(2) In the aspect of “religion”, Christians have better capability of resilience than people who have “folk beliefs” do.
(3) The adults living in Taipei area who suffer from higher “family economic stress” have lower resilience.
3. Difference of “ Well-being” in Adults Living in Taipei area with Different “Individual Background”
(1) The “female” adults living in Taipei area have a higher well-being than the “male” do.
(2) The “married” adults living in Taipei area have a higher sense of well-being than the “single” do.
(3) The adults living in Taipei area have a lower well-being when suffering from “family economic stress”.
4. Correlation Between Taipei Adults’ Resilience and Well-being
For the adults living in Taipei area, their resilience is highly related with their well-being, i.e. they have high well-being when they have high resilience.
5. Prediction about the Effect of Individual Background upon Taipei Adults’ Resilience
In the aspects of eight factors, namely the targets’ “education- junior high school”, “education: high school”, “education- junior college”, “education- university”, “religion- Christian”, “family economic stress”, “significant life experience- illness” and “significant life experience- love”, a conspicuous level of “resilience” means a prediction can be made that there will be 11% of deviation in the targets’ “resilience”. That is: the targets have low resilience when they have lower educational background or suffer from higher “family economic stress”, “significant life experience- illness” and “significant life experience -love”.
6. Prediction about the Effect of Individual Background upon Taipei Adults’ Well-being
When the targets suffering from “family economic stress”, “significant life experience - illness” or “significant life experience-love” have a conspicuous level of “well-being”, it means a predictable deviation at 15% of their “well-being”. That is: the targets have low sense of well-being when they suffer from higher “family economic stress”, “significant life experience - illness” and “significant life experience - love”
7. Prediction about the Effect of Individual Background and Resilience upon Taipei Adults’ Well-being
When the targets’ overall “well-being” reaches a conspicuous level, it’s predictable that there will be a 70% of deviation in their overall “ resilience”. That is: for the adults living in Taipei area, they have higher well-being when their “resilience” has a positive effect upon it.
Based on the findings and conclusion of this research, it is suggested that adults when young should have a proper financial plan in order to face calmly any unexpected financial pressure. Adults are also encouraged to participate in proper religious activities in order to obtain peace of mind. Single adults may seek advice from the married because the latter have relatively stronger resilience in life experience. Younger adults may seek advice from the older ones on developing the wisdom of life. When facing significant problems with life experience, the adults should encourage themselves to believe in the meaning of life instead of giving it up easily. Spiritual consultants are also suggested to learn more about the content and doctrines of different religions in order to give support to cases in trouble with mental disorders so that they might recover soon. Finally, it is suggested that the government authority should continue to provide mediate in professional training opportunities, information and multiple channels to advance study. Courses related to health and mind improvement should be offered to enhance the adults’ resilience and sense of well-being. |
