| 摘要: | 隨著社會變遷及人口快速老化下，中年人面臨多元社會的壓力和挑戰，科技產品的進步則改變人際間的互動關係，而相關研究顯示，朋友對個人的情緒支持有重要的影響性，能有效的預防寂寞感。本研究探討中年人「即時通訊使用行為」、「友誼支持」與「寂寞感」之現況，分析不同「個人背景變項」的受訪對象在「即時通訊使用行為」、「友誼支持」與「寂寞感」之差異情形，探討中年人之「即時通訊使用行為」、「友誼支持」與「寂寞感」之相關性及探討中年人「個人背景變項」、「即時通訊使用行為」、「友誼支持」對「寂寞感」的解釋力。
本研究採問卷調查法，以立意取樣與滾雪球方式選取45 歲至65歲使用即時通訊之中年人為調查對象，發放問卷500份，有效樣本465份。研究工具分為個人背景資料調查表、即時通訊使用行為調查表、友誼支持量表及寂寞感量表。本研究採用 SPSS 21.0 做資料分析，統計方法包括描述性統計分析、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、皮爾森積差相關以及階層迴歸分析。研究結果發現：
一、中年人即時通訊使用行為程度尚可、友誼支持程度良好而寂寞感感受程度不強。
二、中年人知心朋友人數在即時通訊使用行為、友誼支持及寂寞感上皆達顯著差異。
三、即時通訊使用行為與友誼支持有顯著中度正相關，與寂寞感有顯著低度負相關；友誼知心朋友支持與寂寞感有顯著中度負相關。
四、「性別：女性」、「知心朋友人數」、「即時通訊使用功能」、「情緒性支持」及「實質性支持」對中年人之寂寞感具有39%解釋力。
根據研究結果，建議中年人應與知心朋友保持互動，積極參與各項社交活動，維持良好友誼關係，增加與朋友的互動，以降低寂寞感。
關鍵詞：中年人、即時通訊使用行為、友誼支持、寂寞感
With social changes and the rapidly aging population, middle-aged adults are facing pressures and challenges in pluralistic society. Progress of technology products makes interpersonal interactions altered. Related studies show that friends have gigantic influence on emotional support of individuals, which can prevent from loneliness.
This study examines the current status of middle-aged adults' "Instant Message Use", "Friendship Support" and "Loneliness" , and analyzes the differences among "Instant Message Use", "Friendship Support" and "Loneliness" of the respondents with different "Personal Background Variables". This study also examines the correlation of middle-aged adults' "Instant Message Use", "Friendship Support" and "Loneliness" and explores the explanation of the middle-aged adults' "Personal Background Variables", "Instant Message Use" and “Friendship Support” toward “Loneliness”.
In this study, a questionnaire survey method was adopted to sample 45- to 65-year-old middle-aged adults' instant messaging using sampling and snowballing. The questionnaires were distributed to 500 individuals and 465 valid samples were collected. The research tools include personal basic information, instant message use information, friendship support scales, and loneliness scales. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 21.0 with the methods inclusive of descriptive statistics, one sample t-test, Independent-Samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s method, Pearson product-moment correlation and hierarchical regression. The results are as follows:
1. Middle-aged adults have an acceptable degree of “Instant Message Use”, a high degree of “Friendship Support”, but a nonsignificant degree of “Loneliness”.
2. Middle-aged adults' “Number of Close Friends” have a significant difference on "Instant Message Use", "Friendship Support" and "Loneliness".
3. "Instant Message Use" and "Friendship Support" show moderate positive correlation. "Instant Message Use" and "Loneliness" show low negative correlation. "Friendship Support" and "Loneliness" show moderate negative correlation
4. "Gender: Females", " Number of Close Friends", "Instant Message Use function", "Emotional Support" and "Substantial Support" account for 39% of variance in “loneliness” of middle-aged adults.
Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that middle-aged adults should maintain interaction with their close friends, actively participate in various social activities, maintain a good friendship and increase interaction with friends to reduce loneliness.
Keywords: middle-aged adults, instant message use, friendship support, loneliness |
