| 摘要: | 本研究研究旨在瞭解高職美容科學生學習態度、學習成效與就業意願之間的相關係，並探討不同個人背景變項在學習態度、學習成效及就業意願上的差異情形，更瞭解高職美容科學生個人背景變項對學
習態度、學習成效與就業意願之間的解釋力。
本研究係採調查法，以立意取樣之抽樣方式進行施測，以臺北地區高職美容、美髮相關類科二、三年級學生為研究對象，施測樣本數為600份，實得有效回收樣本數591份，有效回收率為98％。所使用之研究工具包含：個人背景資料調查表學習態度量表、學習成效量表及就業意願量表，施測所得資料以統計SPSS 22.0 for Windows進行結果分析，分別以次數分配、平均數、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本檢定、單因子變異數分析、費雪事後比較法、多元迴歸分析等相關研究方法進行分析。主要研究結果如下：
一、全體受試者「個人背景因素」之現況描述
（一）高職美容科學生之整體學習興趣，高職美容科學生對髮型設計
最有興趣得分最高，高職美容科學生對飾品設計最不感興趣得
分最低。
（二）高職美容科學生在校學習期間都已取得勞委會技術士證照，半
數學生擁有兩張技術士證照。
（三）高職美容科學生多數是有美容美髮相關經驗的。
（四）高職美容科學生繼續求學的慾望提升，再者高職美容科學生對
自己的未來還未不明確，且，多數父母是支持高職美容科學生
繼續升學。
二、高職美容科學生「學習態度」、「學習成效」與「就業意願」之現
況描述
（一）受試者之整體「學習態度」傾向於「中高等程度」之狀況，高
職美容科學生學習態度是稍微傾向於佳的狀況。
（二）受試者之「學習成效」層面之「學習成效」傾向於「中高程度」
之狀況，高職美容科學生「學習成效」稍微傾向於佳的狀況。
（三）受試者之「就業意願」層面之就業意願傾向於「中高等程度」
之狀況，高職美容科學生對從美容相關產業之就業意願較為
高。
三、高職美容科學生不同「個人背景變項」對「學習態度」、「學習成
效」及「就業意願」的差異情形
受試者之「學習態度」會因「年級」就讀學製、「個人升學意願」、「父母對升學的支持度」之不同而有顯著差異。
四、高職美容科學生的「學習態度」、「學習成效」與「就業意願」之
相關性
（一）受試者對「學習態度」表現愈高，其在學習成效的表現程度越
佳。反之，受試者對「學習態度」表現愈低，其在整體學習態
度的表現程度越差。
（二）受試者對「整體學習態度」表現愈高，其在「就業意願」的表
現程度越高。反之，受試者對「整體學習態度」表現愈低，其
在「就業意願」的表現程度越差。
（三）受試者在「學習成效」表現愈高，其在「就業意願」的表現程
度越高。反之，受試者在「學習成效」表現愈低，其在「就業
意願」的表現程度越差。
五、高職美容科學生不同「個人背景變項」對「學習態度」「學習成效」
與「就業意願」的解釋力
受試者之整體「學習態度」、「學習成效」與整體「就業意願」達顯著低程度之正相關，意即受試者之整體「學習態度」、「學習成效」得分愈高，其整體「就業意願」表示畢業後願意從事美容相關產業之意願就愈高。
依據本研究之主要研究發現與結論，提供高職美容科學生、高職校方及建教合作商家建議如下：
一、高職美容科學生能主動學習，善用課餘時間將上課所學之專業技
能，反覆練習，呈現出學習成果。
二、校方課程安排上，可多增加實際操作之經驗，使其專業知識與技
能能應用於實務上。
三、高職學校單位宜重視學生職業輔導，讓學生多方面接觸美容相關
產業，讓學生了解相關產業的優缺點及正確的認知，確定學生未
來的就業意願是否符合個人所需，降低畢業後的職涯摸索。
三、美容相關產業業者宜多任用高職美容相關科系畢業之學生，提供
高職美容科學生學習技能場所、增加高職美容科學生的實務經驗
及增加畢業學生的就業機會。
This research aims to understand the relationship among learning attitude, learning outcome and employment intention of higher vocational students majoring in cosmetology, to explore the differences in learning attitude, learning outcome and employment intention of different personal background variables, and to understand the explanatory power of personal background variables of the students of cosmetology to their learning attitude, learning outcome and employment intention.
This research adopted the survey method and conducted the survey according to the purposive sampling method. The students in the second grade and third grade of the cosmetology and hairdressing related subjects in the Taipei area were taken as the study subjects. The number of samples released was 600, and the number of valid samples effectively collected was 591. The effective recovery rate was 98%. The research tools used included Personal Background Information Questionnaire Learning Attitude Scale, Learning Outcome Scale and Employment Intention Scale, and the results obtained were measured by SPSS 22.0 for Windows. The analysis was made by number of times, mean value, single sample t-test, independent sample test, single-factor variance analysis, Fisher's Ex post facto comparison, multiple regression analysis and other related research methods. The main findings are as follows:
1. Description of the status quo of the “personal background factors”
of all subjects
(1) For the overall learning interest of higher vocational students of cosmetology, the higher vocational students of cosmetology were most interested in hairdressing design, which got the highest score, and the higher vocational students of cosmetology were least interested in jewelry design, which got the lowest score.
(2) The higher vocational students of cosmetology had obtained the licenses of the technician of Council of Labor Affairs during their study period, and half of the students had 2 technician licenses.
(3) Most of the higher vocational students of cosmetology had experience.
(4) The desire of the higher vocational students of cosmetology to continue their studies was improved, and the higher vocational students of cosmetology were not yet clear about their future, and most higher vocational students of cosmetology were supported by their parents to continue their studies.
2. Description of the status quo of "learning attitude", "learning
outcome" and "employment intention” of the higher vocational students of cosmetology
(1) The overall “learning attitude” of the subjects tended to be
“medium-high degree”, and the learning attitude of the higher vocational students of cosmetology was slightly better.
(2) The “learning outcome” level of the subjects’ “learning outcome”
tended to “medium-high degree”, and the learning outcome of the higher vocational students of cosmetology was slightly better.
(3) The “employment intention” level of the subjects’ employment intention tended to “medium-high degree”, and the higher vocational students of cosmetology had a higher employment intention in beauty related industries.
3. Differences in "learning attitude", "learning outcome" and "employment intention” of higher vocational students of cosmetology with various “personal background variables”
The “learning attitude” of the subjects were significantly different due to the “grade” enrollment system, “personal willingness to go to a higher school” and “parental support for going to a higher school”.
4. Correlation of "learning attitude", "learning outcome" and
"employment intention " of higher vocational students of cosmetology
(1) The higher the subjects’ performance on “learning attitude”, the better their performance in learning outcome. On the contrary, the lower the subjects’ performance on “learning attitude”, the worse their overall learning performance.
(2) The higher the subjects' performance towards “overall learning attitude”, the better their performance in “employment intention”. On the contrary, the lower the performance of the subjects towards the “overall learning attitude”, the worse their performance in “employment intention”.
(3) The higher the performance of the subjects in “learning outcome”, the better their performance in “employment intention”. On the contrary, the lower the performance of the subjects in “learning outcome”, the worse their performance in “employment intention”.
5. Explanatory power of various “personal background variables” of higher vocational students for cosmetology to “learning attitude” “learning outcome” and "employment intention"
The subjects' overall “learning attitude”, “learning outcome” and the overall “employment intention” were significantly positively correlated, meaning the higher of the subjects' scores of overall “learning attitude” and “learning outcome”, the higher their overall “employment intention” of the willingness to engage in beauty-related industries after graduation.
Based on the main research findings and conclusions of this study, the following recommendations are provided to higher vocational students of cosmetology, higher vocational schools and educational cooperatives:
(1) Students in higher vocational schools for cosmetology shall take the initiative to learn, and make good use of the time after school to practice professional skills they learn in class to present the results of learning.
(2) The school curriculum shall increase the practical experience and enable the professional knowledge and skills to be applied to practice.
(3) Higher vocational school units should pay attention to student career counseling, so that students can be exposed to beauty-related industries in many aspects, understand the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant industries and have the correct perception so as to determine whether the employment intentions of the students meet their personal needs to reduce the career exploration after graduation.
(4) Operators in the beauty-related industry should employ more higher vocational graduates of cosmetology-related subjects, provide higher vocational students of cosmetology with places for learning skills, and increase the practical experience of the students and the employment opportunities of graduate students. |
