| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解空巢期中老年人的人格特質與生活適應之現況，分析不同「個人背景變項」之空巢期中老年人對生活適應之差異，及探討人格特質與生活適應之相關性。本研究採問卷調查法，並以居住地區在臺北市、新北市之45歲以上已婚或結過婚（離婚、喪偶皆可），有子女但不同住的空巢期中老年人為研究對象，得有效樣本480份，所使用之研究工具包括：個人背景變項資料表、人格特質量表、生活適應量表。資料分析方法包括：描述性統計（次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差）、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、薛費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關。本研究結果如下：一、神經質分量表總平均值低於理論中點，表示受試者很少傾向神經質，生活適應總平均值高於理論中點，所有各分量表總平均值均顯著高於理論中點；顯示受試者空巢期中老年人的生活適應佳。二、「年齡」在「生活適應」達顯著差異，65至74歲優於55至64歲； 「子女離家原因」在「生活適應」達顯著差異，「工作狀況」在「生活適應」達顯著差異，但進一步分析組間無顯著差異。三、是否參與社會活動」在「生活適應」達顯著差異，顯示有參與社會活動者的生活適應佳。四、五大人格特質中「神經質」（情緒穩定性）與「生活適應」呈顯著負相關；「外向性」、「開放性」、「嚴謹自律性」、「和善性」與「生活適應」皆呈現顯著正相關，顯示空巢期中老年人的人格特質與生活適應有顯著相關。最後歸納研究結果，提供給空巢期中老年人、相關單位以及未來研究者做為參考。建議空巢期中老年人多參與社會活動會有較佳的生活適應，以及人格特質中「神經質」（情緒穩定性）者，多開放自己與他人接觸，有助其生活適應。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality traits and life adaptation of middle-aged and elderly people in the empty nest stage. Moreover, this research focused on analyzing the differences between the “personal background variables” and life adaptation. The survey method was adopted in this study, targeting the age group above 45 who were married, divorced, or widowed in both Taipei City and New Taipei City. A total of 480 effective questionnaires were obtained. Personal background variables form, personality traits scale, and life adaptation scale were used in the study. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (percentage distribution, percentage, average, and standard deviation), one-sample t-test, independent sample t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc comparison method, and Pearson product-moment correlation.
The results of this study were as follows:
1. The total score of the neuroticism subscale was lower than the theoretical midpoint. It indicated that the subjects rarely tended to neuroticism. Moreover, the overall average of life adaptation was higher than the theoretical midpoint, and the total score of all subscales were significantly higher than the theoretical midpoint.
2. There was a significant different between “age” and “life
adaptation”. The age group of 65 to 74 years old was doing better than the age group of 55 to 64 years old. In addition, there was a
significant difference in the "reason of children leaving home" and
"life adaptation". However, there was no significant differences between "working status" and "life adaptation" in the age groups.
3. There was a significant difference of "life adaptation" and
“Whether joining in social activities”. It meant that people who
participated in social activities had better life adaptation.
4. There was a significant negative correlation between "neuroticism"
(emotional stability) and "life adaptation" . "Extraversion", "Openness", "Conscientiousness", "Agreeableness" and "Life Adaptation" had a significant positive correlation, which showed that the personality traits of the middle-aged and elderly people in the empty nest stage were significantly correlated with their life adaptation.
Finally, the contribution of this study may provide the suggestion to the researchers and relevant organization who are focusing on the middle aged and elderly people in empty nest stage . It is suggested that the middle-aged and elderly people in the empty nest stage should participate in social activities. Meanwhile, the "neuroticism" (emotional stability) of personality traits should contact more with others openly in order to have better life adaptation. |
