| 摘要: | 本研究是探討國小學童飲食行為、身體意象與自尊之相關研究。透過文獻分析法蒐集相關資料，從中探究國小學童飲食行為是否影響身體意象，而身體意象差異是否影響自尊及三者間彼此之關聯性。
本研究以臺北市國小高年級學童為研究對象，採便利抽樣問卷調查，有效樣本共計520人。使用工具包括「飲食行為量表」、「身體意象量表」以及「自尊量表」，調查所得資料以SPSS 20.0電腦統計套裝軟體進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析法及多元迴歸分析等方式進行分析。主要研究結果如下：
ㄧ、臺北市國小學童整體飲食行為上，呈現中等偏正向的態度：
1.在飲食行為層面，「均衡飲食」、及「飲食環境因素」女生表現
優於男生。
2.在「飲食控制行為」，六年級表現優於五年級。
3.在「均衡飲食」、「飲食控制行為」及「飲食環境因素」上，BMI
正常者表現優於其他受試者。
4.不同「家庭社經地位」的受試者在「飲食行為」上，無顯著差異。
二、臺北市國小學童整體身體意象上，呈現中等的態度：
1.在身體意象層面，「外表重視程度」、「體重自我評估與重視程度」、
及整體層面，女生優於男生。
2.在「體重自我評估與重視程度」，六年級優於五年級；但在「身
體各部位滿意度」上，以五年級優於六年級。
3. 在「身體各部位滿意度」上，過重/超重的受試者得分高於正常的
受試者。
4.在「外表自我評估」、「身體各部位滿意度」及整體層面，中社經地
位之國小學童高於低社經地位者。
三、臺北市國小學童整體自尊上，呈現中等偏正向的態度：
1.在自尊層面，「自我滿意感」，女生優於男生。
2. 在「自我滿意感」上，BMI正常的受試者之自尊高於過輕及過重/
超重的受試者。
3.高社經地位者之自尊高於中及低社經地位的受試者。
根據本研究結果，建議學校及家長平時應建立學童正確的飲食觀念及行為，並使家長成為學童健康飲食的模範，以利國小學童身心之健康發展。
This survey aims at investigating the relationships between diet behaviors, image body and self-esteem among elementary students. We collected the data by literature analysis method and investigate whether the diet behaviors among elementary students would affect the body image, also whether the body image would affect the sense of self-esteem, and the relationships between these three aspects.
This survey targeted the senior grades in elementary school students in Taipei city. We used the convenience sampling questionnaire investigation, and the effective sample number was 520. The charts we used were diet behavior scale, body image scale and self-esteem scale, and did descriptive statistics, independent t-sample test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to analyze the obtained data by SPSS 20.0 computer statistic software. Main conclusions are as follows:
A、The overall diet behavior of Taipei elementary school students show slightly positive attitude:
1. In diet behavior, girls outperformed boys on “balanced diet” and “dietary environmental factors”.
2. Sixth grade students outperformed fifth grade students on “diet controlling behaviors”.
3. Students with normal BMI range have better performance on “balanced diet” , “diet controlling behaviors” , and “dietary environmental factors”.
4. In diet behavior, students from different family-socioeconomic status show no significant differences.
B、Overall body images of Taipei elementary school students show moderate attitude:
1. Female students outperformed male students on body image’s “appearance emphasis”, “body weight self-assesment and emphasis”, and overall dimension
2. In body weight self-assessment: six grade students are better than fifth grade students; in body part satisfaction: fifth grade students are better than sixth grade students.
3. In body part satisfaction: students with too heavy/overweight get better score than students with normal BMI range.
4. In “appearance self-assesment”、“body part satisfaction” and overall dimension: students from middle-family- socioeconomic status outperformed students from low-family-socioeconomic status.
C、The overall self-esteem of Taipei elementary school students show slightly positive attitude:
1. In self-esteem, girls are better than boys on “self-satisfaction”.
2. On “self-satisfaction”, students with normal range BMI, have better sense of self-esteem than students with underweight and too heavy/overweight range BMI.
3. Students from high-family-socioeconomic status outperformed students from middle- or low-family-socioeconomic status.
Based on our study result, we suggest that all the schools and parents should build up the correct diet concepts and behaviors to the students. Parents could become model for children in order to help improve their physical and mental development. |
