| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討寵物犬飼養者「生活壓力」與「生活品質」之現況，並暸解不同「個人背景因素」之寵物犬飼養者分別在「生活壓力」與「生活品質」上的差異情形；另探討寵物犬飼養者分別在「生活壓力」與「生活品質」之相關性。更進一步暸解「個人背景因素」分別對寵物犬飼養者「生活壓力」與「生活品質」上的解釋力。
本研究係採用「調查法」進行資料的收集，並以「立意取樣」之抽樣方式，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市、新北市）之寵物犬飼養者為調查對象，預計正式抽樣420份，實得有效樣本為390份，有效回收率92.8％。所使用之研究工具，包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「生活壓力量表」及「生活品質量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 19.0 進行結果分析，分別以敘述統計、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、以及多元迴歸等統計方法加以分析。本研究旨在探討寵物犬飼養者生活壓力與生活品質之研究，主要研究結果如下：
一、寵物犬飼養者「生活壓力」與「生活品質」之現況
1.寵物犬飼養者「生活壓力」傾向於中低程度之狀況，其中以「環境」層面的生活壓力感受程度最高，而以「家庭壓力」感受程度最低。
2.寵物犬飼養者「生活品質」傾向於中高程度之狀況，其中以「社會範疇」層面的生活品質感受程度最佳，以「心理範疇」層面感受程度最差。
二、寵物犬飼養者之「個人背景因素」對「生活壓力」的差異情形
1.「男性」寵物犬飼養者之整體「生活壓力」高於「女性」。
2.寵物犬飼養者之「生活壓力」僅在「家庭」及「環境」層面之生活壓力有顯著差異。表示年齡愈大者，其「家庭」及「環境」層面之生活壓力愈高。
3.寵物犬飼養者之整體「生活壓力」會因「教育程度」的不同而有顯著差異存在。「博士」學位之寵物犬飼養者在「個人」及「工作」層面上的生活壓力，較「高中/職」者為高。
4.寵物犬飼養者之整體「生活壓力」會因「婚姻狀況」的不同而有顯著差異存在。「單身」者在「個人」、「工作」及「家庭」層面的生活壓力，高於「已婚及同居」者。
5. 寵物犬飼養者之「個人平均月收入」與整體「生活壓力」達低度正相關。意即個人平均月收入愈高，其生活壓力也愈高。
6. 寵物犬飼養者之整體「生活壓力」會因「與寵物犬的關係」不同而有顯著差異存在。意即「與寵物關係為朋友」者在整體「生活壓力」上，高於「與寵物關係為家人者」者。
三、寵物犬飼養者之「個人背景因素」對「生活品質」的差異情形
1. 「男性」寵物犬飼養者整體生活品質上較「女性」為佳。
2. 「年齡愈大」之寵物犬飼養者，其生活品質也愈佳。
3. 寵物犬飼養者「教育程度」為「博士」之整體「生活品質」上，相較於「高中/職、大專及碩士」為佳。
4.「已婚」之寵物犬飼養者在整體「生活品質」上較「單身」者為佳。
5. 寵物犬飼養者之「個人平均月收入」與整體「生活品質」達低度正相關。意即個人平均月收入愈高，其生活品質也愈佳。
6. 寵物犬飼養者之整體「生活品質」會因「與寵物犬的關係」的不同而有顯著差異存在。「與寵物關係為家人」者在整體生活品質上，高於「與寵物關係為朋友」者。
7. 寵物犬飼養者「每日與寵物犬互動時間」與整體「生活品質」達低度正相關，表示：每日與寵物犬互動時間愈長，其生活品質也愈佳。
8. 寵物犬飼養者「平均每月花費在寵物犬的支出」僅在「心理範疇」及「社會範疇」層面的「生活品質」達到低度正相關。意即平均每月花費在寵物犬的支出愈多，其在「心理範疇」及「社會範疇」層面的生活品質就愈佳。
9. 寵物犬飼養者在「寵物犬對於個人之影響」中，僅在「心理範疇」層面的「生活品質」達到低度正相關。意即寵物犬對於個人之影響愈密切，其「心理範疇」層面的生活品質也愈佳。
四、寵物犬飼養者「生活壓力」與「生活品質」之相關情形
寵物犬飼養者之整體「生活壓力」與整體「生活品質」達顯著低度之負相關，意即受試者之整體「生活壓力」愈高，其整體「生活品質」愈低。
五、寵物犬飼養者「個人背景因素」與「生活壓力」之解釋力
寵物犬飼養者為「男性」、「教育程度為博士」、「婚姻狀況為單身及同居」、「有子女」、「個人平均月收入愈高」及「與寵物犬的關係為朋友」者在整體「生活壓力」上達顯著水準，顯示此六個因素能預測受試者之整體「生活壓力」35%的變異量。
六、寵物犬飼養者「個人背景因素」與「生活品質」之解釋力
寵物犬飼養者為「教育程度博士」、「婚姻狀況為已婚」、「無子女」、「個人平均月收入愈高」、「與寵物犬的關係為家人」及「每日與寵物犬互動的時間愈久」在整體「生活品質」則較佳，顯示此九個因素能預測受試者之整體「生活品質」18%的變異量。
七、寵物犬飼養者「個人背景因素」與「生活壓力」對「生活品質」之解釋力
寵物犬飼養者為「男性」、「教育程度為博士」、「婚姻狀況為已婚」、「無子女」、「個人平均月收入愈高」、「與寵物犬的關係為家人」、「每日與寵物犬互動的時間愈長」及整體「生活壓力」在整體「生活品質」上達顯著水準，顯示此九個因素能預測受試者之整體「生活品質」30%的變異量。
依據本研究之發現與結論，建議寵物犬飼養者宜儘早做好理財規劃，增加自我附加價值，提高競爭力，以應付環境多變的局勢；並用正向積極的態度，面對生活上的負面情緒與衝擊，並養成良好生活作息、掌握自身健康狀況，做好時間管理、改正工作習慣；並培養與寵物犬共同散步運動的習慣，以達促進身心健康之效；再者，寵物犬飼養者宜善加利用寵物友善餐廳、民宿，除創造更多與寵物犬的回憶並可增進與他人之互動管道，以緩解生理及心理的壓力，增進個人生活適應，獲得社會支持；另寵物犬業者宜提供多元化服務，以滿足寵物犬飼養對於寵物犬的食、衣、住、行、育、樂等之需求；除此之外，建議政府相關輔導機構宜與狗醫生協會合作或與動物收容所配合，推廣相關治療犬之新知，除可降低寵物犬被丟棄之可能性，亦可增進國人尊重生命之觀念。
This study aims to explore the quality of life and life stress of pet dog owners, emphasizing on the explanatory power of how the individual background influences the quality of life and life stress of pet dog owners. Also, the relationship between life stress and the quality of life of pet dog owners is also another focus.
This study applies questionnaire method to collect data by purposive sampling, choosing 420 pet dog owners in Taipei and New Taipei City as respondents, with 390 of them as effective samples. The effective response rate is 92.8%. The research tools used include “Personal Profile,” “Life Stress Scale,” and “Quality of Life Scale.” The responses are processed and analyzed in the SPSS for Windows 19.0. The results are analyzed in descriptive statistics, one sample t-test, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe Method, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The main purpose of this study is to explore the quality of life and life stress of pet dog owners. The results are as follows:
A. The present state of the “quality of life” and “life stress” of pet dog owners
1. The life stress of pet dog owners is inclined to mid to low, among them the environmental life stress the highest and the family life stress the lowest.
2. The quality of life of pet dog owners is inclined to mid to high, among them the social quality of life the best and the psychological quality of life the poorest.
B. The influence of pet dog owners’ individual background over life stress
1. Male pet dog owners’ overall life stress is higher than female owners.
2. Pet dog owners’ life stress is apparent only in family and environmental levels. It means the older the people are, the higher their life stress in family and environmental dimensions.
3. Pet dog owners’ overall life stress is affected by their education. The individual and work dimensions of life stress of PhDs are higher than those with a senior high school diploma.
4. Pet dog owners’ overall life stress is affected by their marital status. The individual, work, and family dimensions of life stress of single people are higher than married or cohabitated ones.
5. As a whole, there is low and positive correlation between the Pet dog owners’ “higher average income” and “life stress”. It means people with higher average income have more life stress.
6. Pet dog owners’ overall life stress is affected by their relationship with the pet dog. It means people who treat their pets as friends have more life stress than those who treat their pets as family.
C. The influence of pet dog owners’ individual background over their quality of life
1. Male pet dog owners have better quality of life than female owners.
2. Older pet dog owners have better quality of life.
3. PhD pet dog owners enjoy better life of quality than those of senior high or college graduates.
4. Married pet dog owners’ life of quality is better than single owners.
5. As a whole, there is low and positive correlation between the Pet dog owners’ “higher average income” and “quality of life”. It means people with higher average income have better quality of life.
6. Pet dog owners’ overall life stress is affected by their relationship with the pet dog. It means people who treat their pets as family have better quality of life than those who treat their pets as friends.
7. As a whole, there is low and positive correlation between the Pet dog owners’ “overall quality of life” and “the time they spend on and interact with their pet dog”. It means the longer they interact with their pet dogs, the better their quality of life is.
8. There is low and positive correlation between the Pet dog owners’ “monthly spending on pet dogs” and only “psychological and social dimensions of quality of life”. It means the more monthly spending on pet dogs have over their owners, the better the owners’ quality of life is.
9. There is low and positive correlation between the Pet dog owners’ “ pet dog’s influence over the pet dog owner” and only “psychological dimensions of quality of life”. It means the more influence pet dogs have over their owners, the better the owners’ quality of life is.
D. The relationship between pet dog owners’ overall life stress and overall quality of life.
As a whole, there is low, positive and significant correlation between the Pet dog owners’ “overall life stress” and “overall quality of life”. It means the higher the Pet dog owners’ overall life stress is, the lower the overall quality of their life is.
E. The explanatory power of pet dog owners’ individual background and life stress
Single or cohabitated male pet dog owners have higher life stress if they hold a doctoral degree, have children, have high salary, and treat their pets as friends. These six factors can be used to predict 35% variability of overall life stress of the samples.
F. The explanatory power of pet dog owners’ individual background and quality of life
Pet dog owners have better quality of life if they hold a doctoral degree, are married, have no children, have high salary, treat their pets as family, and spend a lot time interacting with their pets. These nine factors can be used to predict 18% variability of overall quality of life of the samples.
G. The explanatory power of pet dog owners’ individual background and life stress to their life of quality
Pet dog owners have better quality of life if they are married male, hold a doctoral degree, have no children, have high salary, treat their pets as family, spend longer time interacting with their pets, and lower overall life stress. These nine factors can be used to predict 30% variability of overall quality of life of the samples.
According to the discovery and conclusions in this study, pet dog owners need to create a healthy financial planning to better their personal value added, enhance their competitiveness in order to cope with the changing world. Positive attitude is suggested to deal with the negative emotional impacts. A healthy daily routine is also recommended. Paying attention to health, time management, working habits, and making it a habit to walk with pets are all good to our overall welfare. Furthermore, pet dog owners can make use of pet restaurants, BNBs to create more memories with their pet and create more interaction with other people as a way to release their physical and psychological stress. It is a good way to make themselves to be adapted to the society and gain social support. Pet dog shops should provide diversified services to satisfy the basic needs as well as educating and recreational needs of pet dogs. In addition to that, public authorities should build a cooperative relationship with Dr. Dog associations and animal shelters to promote knowledge about therapy dogs. This can not only decrease the number of street dogs but also can promote the attitude of respecting life. |
