本研究旨在瞭解新北市某國小高年級學童知覺父母教養方式與其自身對老年人態度之相關性。採「問卷調查法」進行資料收集，並以「立意取樣」之抽樣方式，選取101學年度就讀新北市某國小高年級（含五年級及六年級）學童為調查對象，抽取樣本 300人，實得有效樣本 293人，有效回收率為 97.67%。本研究所使用的研究工具包括「個人背景資料」 7 題、「父母管教方式量表」 52 題（包含父親與母親兩部分，各26題）（黃玉臻，1997），及「對老人態度量表」（包含生理、心理、社會，三個層面）24題（曾菁怡，2008），共計83題。問卷調查結果以敘述統計、單一樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、以及皮爾森積差相關等統計方法加以分析。
本研究結果如下：
一、新北市某國小高年級學童知覺父母教養方式，皆以「開明權威型」居多。
二、新北市某國小高年級學童對老年人態度，整體來說具有正面態度，尤其以「心理層面」認同度最高。
三、新北市某國小高年級學童知覺父母親教養方式與對老年人態度具有正相關。父母親若採取「開明權威型」之教養方式，學童對於父母親教養程度感受越高，其對老年人態度就越正向。
本研究依據結果，建議父母親應注重教養方式，因其態度及方式將影響孩子對於老年人之瞭解與接納態度；並建議未來相關研究可擴大研究範圍，並輔以質性研究方式，深入瞭解孩子對老年人之看法與態度，結果將可用於高齡教育之參考。
關鍵詞：國小高年級學童、父母教養方式、對老年人態度
The purpose of the study is to investigate fifth and sixth grade students’ perceptions of parenting styles and how those influence their attitudes toward older adults in New Taipei City. The study used survey method and purposive sampling procedure to recruit study subjects who were fifth and sixth grade students in New Taipei City in 2012 academic year. The researcher distributed 300 questionnaires and received 293 valid completed questionnaires, with a return rate of 97.67%. The questionnaire consists of 83 items, including background information (7 items), Parenting Style Scale (52 items) (Huang, 1997), and Attitude Toward Older Adults Scale (24 items) (Tzeng, 2008). Descriptive statics, single sample t test, independent sample t test, One-way ANOVA analysis, the Scheffé post hoc comparison method, and Pearson correlation method were used for data analysis.
The results of the study are as followed:
1.Most fifth and sixth grade students in New Taipei City perceived their parenting styles as “liberal authoritarianism style.”
2.Overall, subjects’ attitudes toward older adults were positive, particularly on the “psychological” level.
3.There was a positive correlation between subjects’ perceived parenting styles and their attitudes toward older adults.
4.Subjects were most likely to have higher acceptance toward their perceived parenting styles and have more positive attitudes toward older adults when their parents used “liberal authoritarianism” parenting style.
Based on the results, the researcher suggests that other researchers could expand the scope of the study in the future and could also incorporated qualitative approach to acquire in-depth understanding of children’s attitudes toward older adults.
