| 摘要: | 藥物使用是青少年的一個相當重要的健康問題。本研究的目的以社會生態學模式(social ecological model)來探討高(中)職進修部學生藥物使用的個人、同儕、家庭、學校與社區四個層面的危險因子與用藥意圖和用藥行為之關係，以作為日後相關研究及制訂青少年藥物使用防制政策參考。
本研究採用隨機取樣，採比率抽樣法 (proportional sampling)，研究對象為教育部九十八學年度第二學期北部某縣高中(職)進修學校共計有17所十至十二年級的高中（職）進修部學生，共1,081位。利用質性訪談內容發展出自編結構問卷，進行資料的收集，取得的資料以描述性統計分析、信度分析、卡方檢定分析、皮爾遜積差相關分析、獨立樣本t 檢定分析、單因子變異數分析、多元迴歸分析、區別分析等方法進行分析。
本研究的發現為：
青少年個人層面與藥物使用的危險因子為男性、年齡越大者、人格特質為低自我控制能力與好奇者、遇到壓力及挫折時缺乏負面因應技巧及自己有吸菸、喝酒、嚼檳榔等物質使用者。青少年同儕層面與藥物使用的危險因子為受到同儕朋友中有人使用藥物的影響及同儕提供藥物。青少年家庭層面與藥物使用的危險因子為父母親的親職教養方式欠佳及母親、兄弟、姊妹等有吸菸、喝酒、嚼檳榔及使用藥物等物質使用情形。青少年學校與社區層面與藥物使用的危險因子為在校表現較差與學校依附關係不佳、居住的社區環境複雜、混亂，藥物容易取得。
建議未來研究者可以使用社會生態學模式進行青少年藥物使用行為等相關議題的長期研究，並可以社會生態學模式概念發展介入計畫防制青少年藥物使用。
Drug use is a critical health problem among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to apply social ecological model to investigate the drug use intention and behaviors among vocational high school students. The risk factors of domains of individual, peer, family, school and community with regard to drug use intention and behavior among students were investigated and served as a reference for adolescent drug use prevention.
All registered students of seventeen vocational high schools in a northern county in Taiwan were the targeted population, and the participants were randomly selected by proportional sampling method. The total of 1,081 students from the grade 10 to 12 finished the developed questionnaire based on the obtained interview data and provided complete data. The analytical methods included internal reliability, Chi-Square test, ANOVA test, independent sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression analysis and discrimination analysis.
The findings indicated that the risk factors on domain of individual were male, elder students, pro-drug personality consist of low level of self-control, curiosity, negative adaptive ability while facing pressure and frustration, and use of other substances such as cigarette, betel quid and alcohol. The risk factors on the domain of peer were social pressure of using drug and drug supply from peers. The risk factors on the domain of family were dysfunction of parenting and substance use of family except father. The risk factors on the domain of school and community were less superior of school performance and attachment and living in a high-risk community of drug use.
Based on the results, it was suggested that social ecological model is applicable and feasible on conducting research on adolescents’ drug use. Researchers and practitioners are expected to develop effective programs for drug use prevention among adolescents based on the social ecological model to prevent drug use. |
