| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北地區大學生「外遇態度」與「離婚態度」之現況，並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」與「家庭背景因素」之臺北地區大學生分別在「外遇態度」及「離婚態度」上的差異情形，另探討臺北地區大學生的「外遇態度」、「離婚態度」之相關性。更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」及「家庭背景因素」分別對臺北地區大學生「外遇態度」及「離婚態度」的解釋力。
本研究係採「調查法」進行資料的收集，並以「分層比例」之抽樣方式，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市、新北市）之大學生為調查對象，正式施測樣本為600份，實得有效樣本為556份，有效回收率92.67％，。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「外遇態度量表」、「離婚態度量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 12.0 進行結果分析，分別以敘述統計、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、以及多元回歸等統計方法加以分析。本研究旨在探討大學生外遇與離婚態度之研究，主要研究結果如下：
一、臺北地區大學生「外遇態度」與「離婚態度」之現況
1. 臺北地區大學生的「外遇態度」傾向保守的態度，較不能接受外遇的行為。其中以「外遇關係的感受」層面的外遇態度，接受度最高；又以「外遇的意向」層面的外遇態度，接受度最低。
2. 臺北地區大學生的「離婚態度」傾向開放的態度，較能接受離婚的行為。其中以「離婚的意向」層面的離婚態度，接受度最高；又以「婚姻的長久性」層面的離婚態度，接受度最高。
二、不同「個人背景因素」及「家庭背景因素」之臺北地區大學生分別在「外遇態度」上的差異情形
1.臺北地區「男性」大學生在整體「外遇態度」上，相較於「女性」大學生，持較開放的態度，較能接受外遇的行為。。
2.臺北地區大學生「正在談戀愛」者在「外遇關係的吸力」層面的外遇態度，比「目前未談戀愛」者持較開放的態度，較能接受外遇的行為。
3.臺北地區大學生之「戀愛次數」與整體「外遇態度」之間存在顯著低度之正相關性。
4.臺北地區大學生「有婚前性行為」者的外遇態度，比「沒有婚前性行為」者，持較開放的態度，較能接受外遇的行為。
5.臺北地區大學生「有同居經驗」者在整體「外遇態度」上，比「沒有同居經驗」持較開放的態度，較能接受外遇的行為。
6.臺北地區大學生「父母婚姻衝突」和整體「外遇態度」呈現顯著低度之正相關。
三、不同「個人背景因素」及「家庭背景因素」之臺北地區大學生分別在「離婚態度」上的差異情形
1.臺北地區女性大學生在離婚態度上，相較於男性大學生，持較開放的態度，較能接受離婚的行為。
2.「父母離婚」之臺北地區大學生其在「離婚的意向」之離婚態度，相較於「父母婚姻正常」的臺北地區大學生，持較開放的態度，較能接受離婚的行為。
3.臺北地區大學生的「父母婚姻衝突」僅與「離婚的意向」層面的離婚態度之間存在顯著正相關。
四、臺北地區大學生的「外遇態度」與「離婚態度」之間相關情形
受試者之整體「外遇態度」與整體「離婚態度」達顯著之低度正相關。意味著，臺北地區大學生對外遇的接受度愈高，則對離婚持愈開放的態度，愈能接受離婚的行為。
五、臺北地區大學生「個人背景因素」與「家庭背景因素」分別對「外遇態度」與「離婚態度」的解釋力情形
1.當臺北地區大學生為「男性」、「有婚前性行為」及「父母婚姻狀況為非離婚」者，愈能接受外遇的行為。
2.臺北地區大學生為「女性」及「戀愛次數多」者，愈能接受離婚的行為。
3.臺北地區大學生為「女性」、「戀愛次數多」「沒有婚前性行為」及「愈能接受外遇的行為」者，其愈能接受離婚的行為。
根據本研究的研究發現與結論，建議大學生學習以如何與異性相處，對外遇與離婚的宜有正確的態度與認知，積極瞭解婚姻與家庭的經營，對家庭經營與婚姻幸福，宜有共同承擔此責任的觀念。此外，對家長的建議是引導子女學習成功經營幸福婚姻與家庭的方式，透過建設性的兩性的溝通，妥善面對婚姻衝突，增進婚姻與家庭的親密關係，並引導子女建立良好的人際關係與態度。再者，對學校的建議是根據學生需求，開設婚姻與家庭等相關課程，對父母離婚與其他單親家庭的學生宜多關懷，幫助學生建立正確的婚姻與家庭價值觀，減低父母離婚或單親家庭對子女負面的影響，引導同學對婚姻與家庭的重視，使大學生做好婚前準備，建立正確的婚姻態度與價值觀，為未來婚姻生活做準備。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of the undergraduates’ “attitude toward extramarital relationships” and ” attitude toward divorce” in Taipei area, and the influences of “different personal background” and “different family background” on “attitude toward extramarital relationships” and ” attitude toward divorce”. In addition, the correlation of “attitude toward extramarital relationships” and ” attitude toward divorce” was probed. Furthermore, the explanation of “attitude toward extramarital relationships” and ” attitude toward divorce” was tested by“different personal background” and “different family background”.
In this study a questionnaire survey method was used for data, and proportionate stratified sampling was adopted on the samples of 600 undergraduates living in Taipei City and New Taipei City, among which 556 were valid returns (92.67%). Research instruments included a personal background questionnaire, attitude toward extramarital relationships scale, and attitude toward divorce scale. SPSS for Windows 12.0 was used to analyze all the data collected with the approaches such as descriptive statistics, one sample t-test, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe Method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. With the aim of surveying the undergraduates’ attitudes toward extramarital relationships and divorce, , the major findings were as follows:
A. The current status of the undergraduates’ “attitude toward extramarital relationships” and ” attitude toward divorce” in Taipei area:
1. The undergraduates who tend to have more conservative attitude toward extramarital relationships appear to have less acceptance of extramarital behavior. Of all the dimensions, “the feeling of extramarital relationships” shows the highest degree of acceptance; whereas, “the intention of extramarital relationships” shows the lowest degree of acceptance.
2. The undergraduates who tend to have more open-minded attitude toward divorce appear to have more acceptance of divorce behavior. Of all the dimensions, “the intention of divorce” shows the highest degree of cceptance; whereas, “the permanence of marriage” shows the lowest degree of acceptance.
B. The influence of “different personal background” and “different family background” on “attitude toward extramarital relationships”.
1. The male undergraduates with more open-minded attitude toward extramarital relationships than the female ones tend to accept the extramarital behavior easily.
2. Based on the dimension of “the attraction of extramarital relationships”, the undergraduates who are falling in love have more open-minded attitude toward extramarital relationships than those who are not , and tend to accept the extramarital behavior easily.
3. There is “low”, positive and significant correlation between the undergraduates’ “times of love” and “attitude toward extramarital relationships”.
4. The undergraduates who experience premarital sex have more open-minded attitude toward extramarital relationships than those who don’t, and tend to accept the extramarital behavior easily.
5. The undergraduates who experience cohabitation have more open-minded attitude toward extramarital relationships than those who don’t, and tend to accept the extramarital behavior easily.
6. There is “low”, positive and significant correlation between the undergraduates’ “parents’ conflict of marriage” and “attitude toward extramarital relationships”.
C. The influence of “different personal background” and “different family background” on ” attitude toward divorce”.
1. The female undergraduates with more open-minded attitude toward divorce than the male ones tend to accept the divorce behavior easily.
2. The undergraduates whose parents are divorced have more open-minded attitude toward the intention of divorce than those whose parents aren’t, and tend to accept the divorce behavior easily.
3. There is positive and significant correlation between the undergraduates’ “parents’ conflict of marriage” and “intention of divorce”.
D. The correlation relationship between the undergraduates’ “attitude toward extramarital relationships” and ” attitude toward divorce”
As a whole, there is low, positive and significant correlation between the participants’ “attitude toward extramarital relationships” and ” attitude toward divorce”. In other words, the more the undergraduates accept extramarital relationships; the more open-minded attitude toward divorce they have and the more they can accept the divorce behavior.
E. The explanation of “attitude toward extramarital relationships” and ” attitude toward divorce” by “different personal background” and “different family background”.
1. If the undergraduates are male, have premarital sex and their parents don’t divorce, then they appear to acccept extramarital relationships behavior easily.
2. If the undergraduates are female and have more times of love, then they tend to accept divorce behavior easily.
3. If the undergraduates are female, have more times of love, don’t have premarital sex and accept the extramarital behavior widely, then they appear to accept divorce behavior easily.
According to the findings and conclusions as above-mentioned in the study, it is indicated that undergraduates should learn how to get along with the opposite sex friends, have correct attitude and cognition of extramarital relationships and divorce. Be active in achieving a harmonious family and marriage based on the mutual duty and commitment. In addition, being parents, they are suggested to conduct their children how to run a successful family and marriage, and increase the intimacy by making constructive communication and resolving the conflicts of marriage peacefully, and guide them to develop good interpersonal relationship. As to the schools, they are suggested to have courses related to the field of family and marriage which meet the students’ need, to pay more attention and care to the students who suffer from single-parent families and parents’ divorce, to help the students establish accurate values of family and marriage, to reduce the negative influences of single-parent families and parents’ divorce. In one word, the students should learn the emphasis of family and marriage and make good preparation for the marriage life. |
