| 摘要: | 晚明遊記鉅製《徐霞客遊記》的出現，是一件令人好奇的事情，一篇遊記的出現可能是一個偶然，但一部成熟的遊記專著出現，便不是偶然可以解釋，夏咸淳提出「徐霞客現象」之說，他觀察到與徐霞客同時代的文人士大夫，也大都愛好山水，喜歡旅遊，清黃虞稷（1629～1691）《千頃堂書目》輯錄晚明遊記相關的書目與作者，總計有五十七位作者，六十五部作品之多，而晚明小品中也以遊記佔大宗，由此可見明代後期文人從書齋走入山水社群之廣大，及遊記寫作風氣之鼎盛。
晚明文士以其豐富的遊觀經驗提出遊道理論，包括要有山水心眼、為煙霞寫真的遊筆及遊德等，他們也熱愛評論山水，因為品評山水不只是自己豐富山水經驗的展現，也是審美素養與品味的凸顯，對山水越能有獨到的見解，越能顯見自己的高情與山水相映發，因此晚明文士往往以身為山水知音為榮，樂於播揚山水。
本論文分四大主軸探討晚明文士的遊觀活動與遊記發展情形：一、晚明文士的遊觀盛行：本部分探討當時文士遊觀風氣興盛的時代背景、出遊動機、條件、類型及當時熱門遊觀景點。二、晚明遊記的創作狀況：本部分探討遊記創作的目的、發展、遊記中的山水審美及反映的文化精神、該時期重要遊記家及其遊記特色比較等。三、晚明遊道理論與遊記文學批評：此部分探析晚明文士提出的遊道理論及其對當時遊記文學的批評。四、遊記的文獻價值及其影響：本部分針對遊記廣泛真實的特性，釐析遊記的文獻價值，包括自然地理、動植物、建築古蹟、民俗文化、宗教、藝術、政治經濟社會等，並探討晚明遊記文學對後世的影響。
Abstract
It is exciting to read “Xu Xiake Travel Notes” which is an outstanding work in late Ming Dynasty. Xia Xianchun observed that there is a “Xu Xiake phenomenon.” There were lots of scholars like Xu Xiake，they all enjoyed beautiful scenery and they all love travelling. It is said that it is a coincidence to read such an outstanding work; however, it is definitely not a coincidence to read the mature travel notes monograph such as “Thousand Area Unit Hall Booklists” which was compiled by Huang Yu Ji (1629-1691) in Qing Dynasty and his booklists consisted of 57 authors and 65 volumes. Such great numbers of authors and works indicate the prosperity travel notes writing atmosphere.
In late Ming Dynasty, scholars emphasized how to appraise the scenery they saw and how to document what they saw and how they felt about it, because the more the scholars showed their insight about the scenery, the more they showed their taste and wonderful characteristics.
In this dissertation, there are four main parts to investigate the travel activities and the characteristics of travel notes in late Ming Dynasty. The first part discusses about the popularity of travelling in late Ming Dynasty includes the background of the society, the motivations and purposes for scholars to travel, and the most popular sightseeing locations. The second part discusses about the purpose of travel note creation, the development condition, the aesthetic standard of mountains and rivers and the reflection of cultural spirits from travel notes, as well as the important writers and the comparison of their works. The third part discusses about the travel notes literary criticism which analyzes related travel theories proposed at that time. The fourth part discusses about travel notes literature value and its influence including physical geography, the zoology and botany, the historical sites, the folk custom culture, the religion, the art, the political, economic society and so on, as well as the influence to the later generations. |
