| 摘要: | 鑑於居高不下的肥胖盛行率，且大學時期是使體重增加的關鍵時期，故本研究針對過重以及肥胖之大學生，利用營養教育資訊網搭配跨理論模式相關課程以及電子郵件的溝通介入，探討大學生體重控制之成效。招募北區大學生為研究對象共82位且隨機分派為實驗組Ⅰ(n=30)、實驗組Ⅱ(n=26)以及對照組(n=26)；實驗組Ⅰ為12週課程介入後再以電子郵件諮詢為期24週，實驗組Ⅱ在12週課程介入同時和介入後給予電子郵件諮詢為期36週，對照組則僅有12週的課程介入。研究對象於介入前、課程介入後以及課程介入後24週進行體位測量，包含體重、身體質量指數(BMI)、體脂肪比例以及腰圍，並給予問卷量表，包含跨理論模式改變階段、決策平衡、自我效能以及進食技巧。研究結果以SPSS 18.0套裝軟體進行分析。本研究結果為：量表部分，跨理論模式改變階段介入後處在行動期及維持期，實驗組Ⅰ有24人，實驗組Ⅱ18人及對照組15人；單因子變異數分析顯示，實驗組Ⅱ決策平衡利益介入後有進步的趨勢，自我效能飲食部分於介入後實驗組Ⅰ及實驗組Ⅱ有顯著的上升(p<.05)，進食技巧三組於介入後以及介入後24週與介入前相比有顯著的上升(p<.05)；體位部分，在介入後實驗組Ⅱ 與實驗組Ⅰ其體重、BMI、體脂肪比例以及腰圍有顯著的下降，對照組則於體脂肪比以及腰圍有顯著的下降，介入後24週三組之腰圍仍顯著低於介入前(p<.05)。實驗組I在介入後24週的體脂肪比亦具顯著差異。在組間比較部分，以單因子共變數分析顯示，課程介入同時給予電子郵件諮詢之實驗組Ⅱ與對照組相比，在介入後之腰圍實驗組Ⅱ顯著優於(p<.05)對照組；而在介入後再以電子郵件諮詢之實驗組Ⅰ與對照組相比，在介入後24週體脂肪比例顯示實驗組Ⅰ顯著優於(p<.05)對照組。由皮爾森相關性檢定，顯示實驗組Ⅱ與實驗組Ⅰ體重減輕的百分比越多越傾向處於改變階段的行動期及維持期。本研究結論為：營養教育資訊網的介入加上電子郵件諮詢能有效降低受試者BMI值、腰圍或體脂肪，課程結束後持續給予規律電子郵件諮詢，受試者可能較易維持減重之動機和信心，並維持減重後體重控制之成效。
High prevalence of obesity is continuous in Taiwan. College phase has been identified as a critical period for weight gain in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate effectiveness of the nutrition education lectures designed by the transtheoretical model through internet plus e-mailing counseling on overweight and obese college students. The northern part of Taiwan college students were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental group Ⅰ (n = 30), the experimental group Ⅱ (n = 26) and the control group (n = 26). The experimental group I received 12-week lectures, and e-mail counseling for 24 weeks after interventions. The experimental group II received 12-week lectures with e-mail counseling that was continuous 24 weeks after interventions. The control group only took 12-week lectures. Data for body weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat ,waist circumference, stages of change, decision balance , self-efficacy ,dietary tips were collected before, after and 24 weeks after intervention. SPSS(18.0) software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that there were 24, 18 and 15 people for experimental I, II and control groups respectively stayed in action or maintenance stages after intervention. The results analyzed by ANOVA indicated that the perceived benefits of experimental II group has made some progress but was not significantly increased after intervention. Self-efficacy related to food intake was significant increased (p <.05) in experimental group I and II after intervention. Regarding anthropometric measurements, body weight, BMI, percentage of body fat and waist circumference of experimental group I and experimental group II were significant decreased (p <.05) after intervention. Only percentage of body fat and waist circumference were significant decreased (p <.05) in control group after intervention. Besides, waist circumference was significant decreased (p <.05) of all three groups 24 weeks after intervention, significantly decreased percentage of body fat was shown in experimental group I. In a Comparison of three groups done by covariance (ANCOVA), the results indicated that the experimental group II was more significant than the control group in the aspects of reduced waist circumference after intervention, and the experimental group I was more significant than the control group in terms of percentage of body fat 24 weeks after intervention. From the data of correlation analysis, the decreased percentage of body weight was related to the tendency of people stayed in the stages of action or maintenance for experimental groups. In conclusion, overweight or obese students might effectively reduce their BMI, waist circumference and percentage of body fat after they received nutrition education lectures plus e-mail counseling. After intervention, subjects might keep maintaining motivation, confidence and reduced body weight when they were regularly given e-mailing counseling. |
