| 摘要: | 目標：了解台灣地區青少年飲食營養知識、態度、行為之現況，並探討其影響因素。方法：橫斷式問卷調查法，問卷內容包括食物與營養知識、態度及行為。以分層集束法選取15所國中、6所高中、6所高職及4所五專，共計31所學校的國中、高中、高職、五專二年級學生，發出問卷2919份，回收問卷2804份，有效問卷2777份。統計方法包括描述性統計、皮爾森相關及線性迴歸分析等。結果：台灣地區青少年飲食營養知識、態度、行為的平均得分率分別為49.7%、69.0%、56.5%。半數以上的青少年期望較輕的體型，並曾經有過減重的經驗。88.7%的青少年回答「未曾接受過營養相關課程」；且這些學生的營養知識、態度與行為顯著低於回答「曾經接受過營養相關課程」之青少年。家庭因素與個人因素對青少年營養知識、態度與行為的影響同樣重要，本研究發現性別、就讀於直轄市（相較於鄉鎮地區）、家長監督、家庭溝通、和營養態度是預測營養行為直接與顯著的決定因子；而性別、身體質量指數、和家庭社經在預測行為時與態度具有交互關係。結論：當學校教育提供營養相關課程以促進青少年的飲食行為時，必須要強調正向的營養態度。此外，家庭也應該負起更積極的角色以促進與其子女的關係。
Objectives: To understand the current status and factors related to nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among high school students in Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using nationally representative subjects from Taiwan. Questionnaires assessing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding food and nutrition were administered to 2777 students in grades eight and eleven. The students were obtained from fifteen junior high schools, six senior high schools, six vocational schools, and four five-year colleges using a multistage-stratified sampling method. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, and linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The correct or positive response rates for nutritional knowledge, attitude, and behavior scales were 49.7%, 69.0%, and 56.5%, respectively. More than half of the adolescents expected to be thin and had tried to lose weight. 88.7% of the adolescents surveyed had never attended a food or nutrition-related course. These students scored significantly lower in nutritional knowledge, held less positive attitudes, and performed worse on the behavior scale than those who had attended nutrition-related courses. The influence of family factors on nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Taiwanese adolescents was as important as demographic variables. Grade, metropolitan area (vs. rural townships), parental control, family communication, and attitude were found to be direct and modest determinants of nutritional behavior in this study. Sex, BMI, and parents’ SES were related with attitudes that predict behavior. Conclusions: Nutrition-related courses designed to improve dietary behaviors of adolescents should emphasize attitudes throughout the school system. In addition, families should take a more active role in improving their relations with children. |
