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    請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://irlib.pccu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/6024


    題名: 司法院大法官有關工作權違憲審查基準之研究
    其他題名: A Study on the Standards of Judicial Review concerning the Right to Work in the ROC Constitutional Court
    作者: 陳怡如
    貢獻者: 中山學術研究所
    日期: 2006
    上傳時間: 2010-07-05 10:52:54 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 「違憲審查標準」(standards of judicial review)所欲探討者,乃係司法機關對立法決定介入程度及界限之問題,惟違憲審查標準之操作,又往往附著於憲法規範及其基本原則,如以基本權違憲審查為例,違憲審查標準即多半依附於比例原則、平等原則、法律保留原則乃至於正當法律程序原則、信賴保護原則等等。本論文以「工作權違憲審查基準之研究」命名,主要即在將「違憲審查基準」視為規範審查之大前提、基礎等較為廣義之概念,亦即諸如比例原則、平等原則、法律保留原則乃至於正當法律程序原則、信賴保護原則等等。至於「違憲審查標準」因尚需結合此等規範審查之大前提始能予以操作,故自可將之視為較為狹義之概念,以納入較為廣義之大前提予以一併探究。
      在探討方式上,係先就司法院大法官基本權違憲審查功能予以釐清,次就司法院大法官基本權違憲審查基準予以探究。於釐清國內釋憲實務有關司法院大法官對立法決定介入程度之審查密度後,方能更進一步地針對司法院大法官工作權違憲審查基準予以探討。蓋國內釋憲實務不僅有採行德國法違憲審查標準的情形,亦有採行美國法違憲審查標準的情形,惟美國法的違憲審查標準是否即等同德國法的違憲審查標準?此等外來的違憲審查標準是否可斷然異質移植?或者仍須予以相容性的調整,並配合我國憲法融合本土經驗進行修正,以呈現本土化之特有風貌?凡此均有必要先就實務上有關基本權之大法官解釋進行實證分析,並輔以國內外相關學理以為應用,透過邏輯推論演繹的過程,以歸納出各類理想型與模式,並進而建構出與本土具相容性之違憲審查基準理論。基此,有關研究方法採行上,即不宜直接援引比較法以為套用,否則不僅會衍生諸多邏輯上的矛盾,抑且亦會發生與本土發展不相容之情況。
      經研究發現,憲法第十五條所保障之工作權在整個司法釋憲體系模型的運轉過程中,不僅目前既有的程序法制功能設計尚無法確保其主觀公權利與客觀法規範獲得最大程度的滿足,抑且在現行實體運作基準面上,不論是在比例原則、平等原則或是在法律保留原則方面,釋憲實務在面對應予從嚴審查之職業選擇自由限制程度,其審查密度幾乎與應予從寬審查之職業執行自由限制程度無異。除此之外,釋憲實務更為嚴重之問題,即以「警告性解釋」的方式處理形式上違反法律保留原則、法律明確性原則、授權明確性原則而實質上合乎比例原則或平等原則的情形。此舉或係基於解釋憲法首應尊重立法機關制定之法律,儘量維持其合憲性之考慮,惟此不僅使憲法上之法律保留原則形同虛設,抑且亦使目前規範審查制度設計所能發揮之權利救濟功能,更是雪上加霜。至於其他諸如信賴保護原則與正當法律程序原則之操作,以及工作權保障範圍之建構等方面,亦有其不足之處。
      本論文即在挑戰前述實務上之問題,並進而提出調整策略,希冀透過此等工作權違憲審查基準之建構過程,能使大法官在「保全法律」、「維護法秩序的安定」之餘,亦能積極踐行「開展憲法」、「實踐憲法的規範功能」,從而使工作權得以獲得充分的保障。
    The grand justices have been conscious of the importance of judicial self-restraint through the processes of applying the standards of judicial review in ROC constitutional court, but until recently there have been few systemic investigations of the regular density in practice. This dissertation aims to articulate and explore the standards of judicial review concerning the right to work applied in ROC constitutional court. Before discussing this subject, it is necessary that the functions of ROC constitutional court regarding the protection of human rights should be formulated and positioned. Secondly, although both Germany and USA have three standards, it doesn’t indicate that the density of judicial review in Germany is the same as that in USA. In addition, the contexts of the density of judicial review in ROC constitutional court can be found developed. Therefore, it is also necessary to generalize the standards of judicial review combined with the basic principles of ROC constitution (such as the principle of proportionality, the principle of equality, the principle of legal reservation, the principle of due process of law, the principle of legitimate expectation, and so on) from a collection of interpretations concerning human rights made by grand justices over the years, and observe the factors that affect the grand justices to apply the standards to different cases. Thirdly, although the standards of judicial review concerning the right to work applied in ROC constitutional court are similar to the theory applied in German constitutional court, it doesn’t mean that the density of judicial review in both countries are identical. For this reason, this dissertation must analyze whether the German theory can be applied in our practice. Finally, this dissertation will build the standards of judicial review combined with the basic principles of ROC constitution applied to the cases regarding the right to work in ROC constitutional court, so that the right to work will be ensured at its best.
    顯示於類別:[國家發展與與中國大陸研究所碩博士班] 博碩士論文

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