| 摘要: | 本論文係為探討台灣擁有四面環海的優勢和海洋擁有豐富的資源，為發展海洋經濟提供了巨大潛力。這些資源包括多樣的海洋生物及廣闊的海域，這些都是推動海洋經濟增長的關鍵因素，因此我國應該透過良好的船舶登記制度吸引外來船隊加入，振興海運事業。然而，由於全球競爭激烈，許多國家降低船舶登記稅費以吸引國際航商，台灣也面臨競爭壓力，因此降低了船舶登記稅費，另隨著時間的變遷，台灣新建的船舶愈來愈多選擇懸掛外國國旗，這種趨勢造成本國船舶出籍或不願入籍的問題日益嚴重。這對國內的航運業及相關產業可能產生不利影響。因此，本論文的目的是詳細分析我國船籍相關法律的位階，並與其他國家的船籍法律進行比較，以確定我國是否需要對船舶登記法進行調整，進而提升國內船舶懸掛本國國旗的吸引力，促進國內航運業的健康發展。
因公法自始即是規範國家與行政機關之法，公法規範之目的是在確保國家在執行任務時，皆可保有民主的正當性及合理性。在行政法方面，公法旨在確保國家在執行任務時具有民主的正當性和合理性，並且隨著時間的推移，台灣相繼制定了一系列行政法法典，包括行政救濟法和行政程序法等，而「行政程序法」已將「行政命令」二分為「法規命令」和「行政規則」，並要求「法規命令」基於法律授權，可對一般人民具有拘束力並產生法律效果。
然而想是比較像是細節性或是技術性的法律事項，是可以由主管機關以「行政規則」或是「法規命令」進行發布，再作必要之規範即可，爰我國「船舶登記法」是否得調整為「法規命令」，以利行政機關可適時檢討相關法規，避免繁瑣修法程序，致影響我國國際競爭力，並便捷民眾辦理船舶登記。
另因「船舶登記法」已40餘年尚未進行修法，部分法規已不合時宜，本論文係以研擬具體的因應對策為主要，並可作為相關單位未來對於我國定訂船舶設籍制度規範時進行參考。
This study aims to explore Taiwan's advantages of being surrounded by the sea and having abundant marine resources, which provide great potential for the development of the marine economy. These resources include a diverse array of marine life and vast sea areas, all of which are key factors in driving marine economic growth. Therefore, Taiwan should attract foreign fleets through a well-structured ship registration system to revitalize the shipping industry. However, due to intense global competition, many countries have lowered ship registration fees to attract international shipping companies, creating competitive pressure for Taiwan. This pressure has led Taiwan to also reduce ship registration fees. Over time, an increasing number of newly built Taiwanese ships have chosen to fly foreign flags. This trend has caused a significant problem with Taiwanese ships opting out of or not choosing to enter the national registry, which could negatively impact the domestic shipping industry and related sectors.
Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the legal hierarchy of Taiwan's ship registry laws and compare them with the ship registry laws of other countries to determine whether Taiwan needs to adjust its ship registration law. The aim is to enhance the attractiveness of flying the national flag for domestic ships and promote the healthy development of the domestic shipping industry.
Public law has always governed the state and its administrative agencies, with the objective of ensuring that state actions are carried out with democratic legitimacy and rationality. In the field of administrative law, public law aims to guarantee that state actions are conducted with these principles. As the time emgered, Taiwan has enacted a series of administrative codes, including the Administrative Remedies Act and the Administrative Procedure Act. The Administrative Procedure Act has differentiated "administrative orders" into "legislative orders" and "administrative rules," requiring that legislative orders be authorized by law and have binding force, producing legal effects on the general public.
In contrast, matters that are more detailed or technical can be handled by competent authorities through administrative rules or legislative orders, which can be issued without the need for complex legislative processes. This allows for timely review and updates of relevant regulations, which is crucial for maintaining Taiwan's international competitiveness and simplifying the ship registration process for the public. Given that the Ship Registration Law has not been amended for over forty (40) years and some of its regulations are outdated, this study is to develop specific response strategies and serve as a reference for relevant authorities when defining Taiwan's ship registration system in the future. |
