| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討金屬加工從業人員之工作概況、肌肉骨骼健康狀況及工作能力情形。研究施測工具採用勞動及職業安全衛生研究所翻譯之「北歐肌肉骨骼問卷調查表」（NMQ）及「工作能力指數量表」(WAI)。研究對象為臺灣南部四家金屬加工業產業中從事壓鑄、研磨加工製程之事業單位，共計發出180份問卷，回收後扣除回答不良與無效問卷，共計有效問卷為146份，有效回收率為81.1%。
問卷回收後資料統計分析後之研究結果如下：
1. 研究樣本中本國籍與外國籍比例分別為74.0%及26.0%，男女比例分別為52.7%及47.3%，年齡分布以50歲以下佔多數，歷年工作年資以超過15年佔多數，工作內容主要以操作機器、設備或工具為主，每日平均工作時間為8至10小時。
2. 在安全衛生管理狀況中，肌肉骨骼傷病教育訓練及配戴肌肉骨骼防護具之情況有待改善，有八成從業人員未受過肌肉骨骼傷病教育訓練，只有三成從業人員配戴肌肉骨骼防護具。
3. 從業人員常見的姿勢或動作有「長時間走動」、「久坐」、「久站」、「彎腰」、「反覆手腕動作」及「長時間低頭或抬頭工作」等。肌肉骨骼不適部位多位於脖子、肩膀、腰或下背部、手或手腕等，症狀多為痠痛，持續時間多為一個月，以按摩為主要治療方式。
4. 工廠別、國籍、性別、年齡、肌肉骨骼傷病教育訓練等變項顯著影響工作能力指數，有無配戴防護具則與肌肉骨骼不適部位數量具有顯著關係。對工作能力指數造成顯著影響者為上背部、腰或下背部、手肘、手或手腕、膝蓋、腳或腳踝。肌肉骨骼不適或確診疾病時，會造成工作能力下降。
5. 肌肉骨骼不適部位數量和損失工作天數呈現顯著正相關，與是否能輕鬆從事日常活動、工作能力指數則為顯著負相關；與工作能力指數呈現顯著正相關者為自評較能應付體力工作、工作影響程度較小以及較能輕鬆從事日常活動者，損失工作天數則為顯著負相關。整體而言，工作能力指數與不適部位數量、自評體力工作能力、工作影響程度、損失工作天數、從事日常活動程度等變項具有顯著相關性。
This study aims to investigate the general situation of work, work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WRMDs) and work ability for the employees in the metalworking industry. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire(NMQ) and Work Ability Index(WAI) Scale were used as the main research surveying tools. The subjects of the study were employees from four metalworking companies in southern Taiwan, specifically engaged in die casting and grinding processes. A total of 180 questionnaires were distributed. After excluding poorly answered and invalid questionnaires, 146 valid questionnaires were collected, resulting in an effective response rate of 81.1%.
The study results are as follows:
1. The nationality distribution of the study samples is 74.0% domestic and 26.0% foreign. The gender ratio is 52.7% male and 47.3% female. The age distribution is predominantly under 50 years old. The majority of participants have over 15 years of work experience. The primary job duties mainly involve operating machines, equipment, or tools. The average daily work time is 8 to 10 hours.
2. In terms of safety and health management, the musculoskeletal disorders education and training, and the use of protective equipment need to be improved. About eighty percent of employees have never received education and training on musculoskeletal disorders, and only thirty percent of employees used musculoskeletal protective equipment.
3. The common postures or actions on employees include prolonged walking, prolonged sitting, prolonged standing, bending over, repetitive wrist movements, and prolonged head-down or head-up. Musculoskeletal discomfort is commonly experienced in the neck, shoulders, lower back or waist, hands, or wrists. The symptoms are mostly soreness, which usually lasts for one month, and massage is the primary treatment method.
4. Variables such as factory type, nationality, gender, age, and education and training on musculoskeletal disorders significantly affect the work ability index. Wearing protective equipment or not has a significant relationship with the number of musculoskeletal discomfort parts. Discomfort in the upper back, waist or lower back, elbows, hands or wrists, knees, feet or ankles can significantly affect work ability index. Musculoskeletal discomfort or diagnosed disease may lead to a decrease in work ability.
5. There is a significant positive correlation between the number of musculoskeletal discomfort parts and the number of days lost from work. In addition, whether one can easily engage in daily activities, and work ability index are significantly negatively correlated with the number of musculoskeletal discomfort parts. Those who have a significant positive correlation with the work ability index are better able to cope with physical work, have less work impact, and are more able to engage in daily activities with ease, while those with lost working days have a significant negative correlation. Overall, the work ability index has a significant correlation with variables such as the number of discomfort parts, self-rated physical work ability, degree of work impact, number of days lost from work, and the degree of engagement in daily activities. |
