論不能安全駕駛罪─以醉態駕駛為中心

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题名:	論不能安全駕駛罪─以醉態駕駛為中心 A Study upon Unsafe Driving Offense─ A B ehavior with Drunk-Driving as the center
作者:	黃建福 Huang, Chen-Fu
贡献者:	法律學系
关键词:	不能安全駕駛酒駕重刑化抽象危險犯應刑罰性需刑罰性 unsafe driving drunk driving increased severity of penalties abstract endangerment deservingness of punishment necessity of punishment
日期:	2024
上传时间:	2024-11-22 10:54:26 (UTC+8)
摘要:	酒後駕車造成重大傷亡之案件屢見不鮮，無論我國或外國皆成為大眾相當關注之議題，為有效遏制酒後駕車造成重大傷亡之案件之發生，立法者朝擴張適用範圍及加重刑度之方向修正不能安全駕駛罪，導致不能安全駕駛罪之刑度不斷提升，此亦為部分人民提出之要求。首先回顧我國酒駕處罰之立法沿革，隨著酒後駕車造成重大傷亡之案件頻發，法律對酒駕之處罰亦逐步加重，於此些修正後，酒駕處罰存有何問題。然酒後駕車之處罰設有刑罰及行政罰，而刑罰和行政罰間之適用問題一直存在爭議。不能安全駕駛罪之構成要件經過幾次不同程度之修正後，其仍存有不少之問題。為找出其他更有效地遏制酒駕之方法，本文嘗試分析德國、日本、美國和中國的酒駕處罰法律規範，雖各國皆須面臨各自遭遇之問題，但仍得從此些國家找出得供我國借鑒之法律手段。確保酒後駕車不致過度擴張其之刑罰範圍，本文嘗試分析酒後駕車之應刑罰性和需刑罰性。酒駕之處罰係避免駕駛受酒精之影響，因此，酒精對人體之影響及其濃度檢測為重要依據，於何種情況下，酒後駕車係值得考慮以刑罰進行規制。酒後駕車應以何手段處罰，係與維護社會秩序、預防犯罪、懲戒犯罪行為及教化犯罪人有關，因此，本文嘗試從憲法、社會秩序、刑事政策及我國法院對酒後駕車的審理之角度出發，以分析酒後駕車之需刑罰性。對全文進行回顧與總結，並提出具體之修正建議。基於前文之分析，建議我國應在現行法律基礎上，進一步完善酒後駕車的處罰規範，平衡刑罰與行政罰之適用，並加強對酒後駕車行為的監控和預防措施。 Incidents of severe injury and death caused by drunk driving are frequent and have become a significant public concern both domestically and internationally. To effectively curb the occurrence of such incidents, legislators have increasingly broadened the scope and severity of penalties for drunk driving, leading to an escalation in the penalties associated with the offense of driving under the influence (DUI). This escalation reflects the demands of some segments of the population. Firstly, reviewing the legislative history of DUI penalties in our country, it is evident that as cases of severe injury and death due to drunk driving have increased, the legal penalties have also been progressively intensified. However, these amendments have revealed several issues in the enforcement of DUI penalties. There is an ongoing debate regarding the application of criminal and administrative penalties for DUI offenses. Despite multiple revisions to the elements constituting the offense of unsafe driving, numerous problems persist. To identify more effective methods for curbing drunk driving, this thesis analyzes the DUI legal regulations of Germany, Japan, the United States, and China. While each country faces its own unique challenges, their approaches can provide valuable insights for our legal system. To ensure that the penalties for drunk driving do not become excessively broad, this paper examines the necessity and appropriateness of criminal penalties for drunk driving. The primary objective of DUI penalties is to prevent driving under the influence of alcohol. Therefore, understanding the impact of alcohol on the human body and accurately measuring blood alcohol concentration (BAC) are crucial. This paper explores under what circumstances DUI should be regulated by criminal penalties. The choice of sanctions for DUI is closely related to maintaining social order, preventing crime, punishing criminal behavior, and rehabilitating offenders. Hence, this paper analyzes the necessity of criminal penalties for DUI from the perspectives of constitutional law, social order, criminal policy, and the adjudication practices of our courts. Finally, the paper reviews and summarizes the findings and proposes specific legislative amendments. Based on the preceding analysis, it is recommended that our country further refine its DUI penalty regulations, balance the application of criminal and administrative penalties, and strengthen the monitoring and prevention of drunk driving behaviors.
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