優秀男子籃球運動員動作型態與運動表現之研究

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Title:	優秀男子籃球運動員動作型態與運動表現之研究 The Movement Patterns and Performance of Elite Male Basketball Players
Authors:	許禮舜 HSU, LI SUN
Contributors:	體育學系運動教練碩博士班
Keywords:	外部負荷影像分析對戰分析 external load video analysis game analysis
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2024-11-15 15:16:26 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	背景與目的:動作型態是監控運動員外部負荷的一項重要方法，能協助教練理解比賽過程架構與樣貌。本研究旨探討亞洲優秀國家與中華台北球員的動作型態頻率、攻守記錄表之差異，並以得分與效率值作為效標變項，解析影響比賽之關鍵因子。方法:本研究篩選國家隊伍以晉級 International Basketball Federation (FIBA) 2023 年世界盃總排名為前兩名的亞洲國家:澳洲、日本，對照中華台北，作為本研究的研究對象。比賽影像取自網路影像媒體 Youtube，並搜尋關鍵字 FIBA 世界盃 2022 – 2023 年亞洲區資格賽預賽 6 場比賽影像與攻守記錄表，其變項包含球員上場時間 (s)、得分 (pts)、命中率 (fg)、兩分球 (2pts)、三分球 (3pts)、罰球 (ft)、進攻籃板 (oreb)、防守籃板 (dreb)、總籃板 (treb)、助攻 (ast)、抄截 (stl)、阻攻 (blk)、失誤 (to)、個人犯規 (pf)、效率值 (per)、正負值 (p/m)。比賽影片分配給兩位具有籃球專項經驗的觀察員，量化並區分攻守時的站 (SO;SD)、走 (WO;WD)、跑 (RO;RD)、滑步 (SLO;SLD)、跳 (JO;JD) 之動作型態作為觀察變項，以 LiveTag Pro 剪輯軟體計算動作型態次數。統計分析以組內相關係數考驗兩位觀察員觀察動作型態之再測信度。另以獨立樣本 t 檢定比較不同國家與位置動作型態之差異。最後以多元逐步回歸分析以得分 (pts) 與效率值 (per) 作為效標變項，解析影響比賽勝負之關鍵因子，統計顯著水準定為 α = .05。結果:本研究結果發現，中華台北的球員在進攻時行走 (WO) 的次數顯著高於澳洲球員 (0.88 ± 0.11 vs. 0.61 ± 0.14, p=.02)，而澳洲球員的命中率 (fg) 則顯著高於中華台北的球員 (0.5 ± 0.11 vs. 0.29 ± 0.06, p=.01)，並且影響澳洲取得分數之關鍵因子為效率值 (per) (∆R2 = .565, β= .162, p<.01)，而影響澳洲效率值之關鍵因子為得分 (pts) 與總籃板球 (treb) (∆R2 = .565, β = .445;∆R2 = .189, β = .385, p<.001)。在中華台北對戰日本的賽事中，日本球員的三分球 (3pts) 顯著高於中華台北的球員 (0.92 ± 0.36 vs. 0.57 ± 0.15, p=.00)，並且影響日本取得分數之關鍵因子為球員效率值 (per) (∆R2 = .669, β = .689, p<.001)，而影響效率值 (per) 之關鍵因子為助攻 (ast) (∆R2 = .147, β = .322, p<.001)。在日本對戰澳洲的賽事中，澳洲球員的球員得分 (pts) 顯著高於日本球員 (7.63 ± 0.71 vs. 5.85 ± 1.33 分, p=.04)，而影響澳洲球員澳洲取得分數之關鍵因子為效率值 (per) (∆R2 = .565, β = .162, p<.01)，影響澳洲效率值之關鍵因子為得分 (pts) 與總籃板球 (treb) (∆R2 = .565, β = .445;∆R2 = .189, β = .385, p<.001)。結論:本研究建議中華台北的教練應加強三分球 (3pts) 的命中率作為取得比賽勝利的重要技能，而並且強化助攻 (ast) 等判斷能力，作為提高三分球命中率的重要輔助。此外，防守方面可藉由站 (SD)、滑步 (SLD) 與跳 (JD)，增加對手發生失誤 (to) 或取得防守籃板 (dreb) 的次數，藉此提高比賽勝率。此外，應著重於強化下肢跳躍能力與體能訓練，降低比賽中的行走 (WO) 頻率，提高球員於比賽中的競爭力。 Purpose: Movement patterns are an important method for monitoring athletes' external load, helping coaches understand the structure and game-related performance of the game process. This study aims to explore the frequency of movement patterns and differences in offensive and defensive scenario among elite Asian national players and Chinese Taipei players. The key factors affecting game outcomes will be analyzed using scoring and efficiency values as criterion variables. Methods: This study selected national teams ranked in the top two positions in the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) 2023 World Cup standings: Australia and Japan, with Chinese Taipei as the control group. The game videos were obtained from online media platform YouTube, using keywords related to the FIBA World Cup 2022-2023 Asian qualifiers. The variables included player playing time (s), points (pts), field goal percentage (fg), two-point field goals (2pts), three-point field goals (3pts), free throws (ft), offensive rebounds (oreb), defensive rebounds (dreb), total rebounds (treb), assists (ast), steals (stl), blocks (blk), turnovers (to), personal fouls (pf), efficiency value (per), and plus-minus (p/m). The game videos were assigned to two basketball-specialized observers who quantified and categorized movement patterns during offense and defense, including standing (SO; SD), walking (WO; WD), running (RO; RD), sliding (SLO; SLD), and jumping (JO; JD). The frequency of movement patterns was calculated by using the LiveTag Pro editing software. The intra-class correlation coefficient was used to test the test-retest reliability of the observers' movement pattern observations. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare differences in movement patterns between different countries and positions. Finally, multiple stepwise regression analyses were conducted with points (pts) and efficiency value (per) as criterion variables to identify key factors affecting game outcomes. The significance level was set at α = .05. Results: The study found that Chinese Taipei players had significantly higher walking (WO) frequency during offense compared to Australian players (0.88 ± 0.11 vs. 0.61 ± 0.14, p = .02). Australian players had significantly higher field goal percentages (fg) compared to Chinese Taipei players (0.5 ± 0.11 vs. 0.29 ± 0.06, p = .01). The key factor affecting Australia's scoring was efficiency value (per) (∆R2 = .565, β = .162, p < .01), with scoring (pts) and total rebounds (treb) being significant predictors of efficiency value (per) (∆R2 = .565, β = .445; ∆R2 = .189, β = .385, p < .001). In the game between Chinese Taipei and Japan, Japanese players had significantly higher three-point field goals (3pts) compared to Chinese Taipei players (0.92 ± 0.36 vs. 0.57 ± 0.15, p = .00). The key factor affecting Japan's scoring was player efficiency value (per) (∆R2 = .669, β = .689, p < .001), with assists (ast) being a significant predictor of efficiency value (per) (∆R2 = .147, β = .322, p < .001). In the game between Japan and Australia, Australian players had significantly higher points (pts) compared to Japanese players (7.63 ± 0.71 vs. 5.85 ± 1.33, p = .04). The key factor affecting Australia's scoring was efficiency value (per) (∆R2 = .565, β = .162, p < .01), with scoring (pts) and total rebounds (treb) being significant predictors of efficiency value (per) (∆R2 = .565, β = .445; ∆R2 = .189, β = .385, p < .001). Conclusion: This study suggests that coaches of Chinese Taipei should focus on improving three-point shooting accuracy (3pts) as a critical skill for winning games, and enhance abilities like assists (ast) to support better three-point shooting accuracy. Additionally, on defense, strategies involving standing (SD), sliding (SLD), and jumping (JD) can help increase the number of opponent turnovers (to) or defensive rebounds (dreb), thereby improving the chances of winning. Furthermore, lower limb jump ability and physical training should be strengthened to reduce the frequency of walking (WO) during games and enhance player competitiveness.
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