| 摘要: | 近年來，隨著都市高度發展與環境破壞等快速都市化現象，加劇氣候變遷，並導致各地極端氣候事件頻繁發生，而都市過度擁擠、地表鋪面改變及綠地減少等土地表面特徵之變化，更導致都市熱島效應（Urban Heat Island, UHI）。在都市熱島效應的影響下，都市中心相較於周圍郊區與農村的溫度顯著高溫，因此有效減緩地表溫度持續升溫成為都市發展中必須面對的重要課題。為改善熱島效應並減少氣候變遷之衝擊，亦須了解都市型態與地表溫度間之關係。本研究旨在探討都市型態與地表溫度之關聯性，並以臺北地區為例，以國土利用現況調查成果為基礎，並重新劃分為十種用地；再透過MODIS衛星影像資料以及地理資訊系統，取得同一季節白天地表溫度；最後應用相關性分析，探討2005年、2015年及2019年之都市型態密度、混合使用及可及性等三項指標與地表溫度的關聯性。研究結果顯示， 2005年至2019年自然土地及工業使用土地逐年減少，公共使用土地及商業使用土地增加，高土地使用密度地區主要集中於臺北市並逐漸向周邊擴散，依道路方向沿伸至基隆與桃園。在都市型態部分，土地混合使用熵指數較低之區域皆分佈於臺北地區都市使用土地，都市使用土地皆有可及性，部分山區相對較低。2015年之地表溫度最高溫為三年度之首，且高溫與平均值溫差相差最多，土地使用密度、土地混合使用及可及性等三項都市型態指標各自均與地表溫度有關聯性，其中又以土地使用密度相關性最高。
In recent years, rapid urbanization characterized by significant urban development and environmental degradation has intensified climate change and led to more frequent extreme weather events worldwide. The urban heat island (UHI) effect, resulting from excessive urban congestion, changes in surface paving, and the reduction of green spaces, exacerbates this issue. Under the influence of UHI, urban centers exhibit significantly higher temperatures compared to surrounding suburban and rural areas. Therefore, effectively mitigating the continuous rise in surface temperatures has become a crucial issue in urban development.
To improve UHI effects and reduce the impact of climate change, it is essential to understand the relationship between urban morphology and surface temperature. This study aims to explore the correlation between urban morphology and surface temperature, using Taipei as a case study. Based on the results of the current land use survey, land use is reclassified into ten categories. MODIS satellite imagery and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are employed to obtain daytime surface temperatures for the same season. Finally, correlation analysis is applied to examine the relationship between three indicators—urban density, land use mixed, and accessibility—and surface temperature in 2005, 2015, and 2019.
The results show that from 2005 to 2019, natural land and industrial land decreased annually, while public land and commercial land increased. High-density land use areas were mainly concentrated in Taipei and gradually expanded to surrounding areas, extending along roads to Keelung and Taoyuan. In terms of urban morphology, areas with lower mixed land use entropy indices were distributed in urban land use areas in Taipei, while urban land use areas were accessible, with mountainous areas having relatively lower accessibility. The highest surface temperature in 2015 was the peak among the three years studied, with the largest difference between high and average temperatures. All three urban morphology indicators—land use density, mixed land use, and accessibility—were correlated with surface temperature, with land use density showing the highest correlation. |
