| 摘要: | 本研究使用超臨界流體技術，以二氧化碳作為溶劑萃取土肉桂葉精油，旨在探
討改變溫度及壓力對精油產率的影響，並找出最佳萃取條件以供量產參考。研究採
用三平方實驗設計法，設定溫度為 40℃、50℃、60℃，壓力為 2000 psi、3000 psi、
4000 psi，兩個變因各三種水準，重複試驗三次，共 27 組試驗。為了比較效果，本
研究同時使用有機溶劑正己烷進行索式萃取土肉桂葉精油，並將結果與超臨界二
氧化碳萃取法進行比對。
實驗數據經 ANOVA 雙因子變異數分析（重複試驗）及二階回歸分析，結果顯
示溫度因子（P=7.11×10⁻¹³）、壓力因子（P=1.1×10⁻¹³）及溫度-壓力交互作用
（P=8.24×10⁻⁵）對產率具有顯著影響（P≦0.05）。二階回歸分析中，R²=0.979255，
顯示該模型能解釋約 97.93%的總變異量。
在 GC-MS 化學成分分析中，超臨界萃取方法提取的精油中化合物種類較少，
使得肉桂醛的純度較高，減少了分離非目標化合物所需的時間和成本。
最終總平均產率為 2.896%。在溫度 60℃、壓力 4000 psi 條件下，平均產率最
高達 5.007 wt%。相較於索式萃取 12 小時的最大產率 6.734%，超臨界萃取在 3.5
小時內顯示出明顯優於傳統索式萃取法的效率。
This study utilized supercritical fluid technology, with carbon dioxide as the solvent, to extract essential oils from Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh leaves. The aim was to investigate the effect of varying temperature and pressure on the yield of essential oils and to determine the optimal extraction conditions for potential mass production. A threelevel factorial experimental design was employed, with temperature settings at 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, and pressure settings at 2000 psi, 3000 psi, and 4000 psi. Each combination of variables was tested in triplicate, resulting in a total of 27 experiments. Additionally, for comparative purposes, n-hexane was used as the solvent in Soxhlet extraction of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh leaf essential oils, and the results were compared with those from supercritical CO₂ extraction.
The experimental data were analyzed using ANOVA two-factor variance analysis (repeated measures) and second-order regression analysis. The results indicated that the temperature factor (P = 7.11 × 10⁻¹³), pressure factor (P = 1.1 × 10⁻¹³), and the interaction between temperature and pressure (P = 8.24 × 10⁻⁵) had significant effects on the yield (P ≤ 0.05). The second-order regression analysis yielded an R² value of 0.979255, indicating that the model could explain approximately 97.93% of the total variance.
In the GC-MS chemical composition analysis, the supercritical extraction method yielded essential oils with fewer compounds compared to the Soxhlet extraction method. This resulted in a higher purity of cinnamaldehyde, reducing the time and cost required to separate non-target compounds.
The overall average yield was 2.896%. The highest average yield, 5.007 wt%, was achieved under conditions of 60°C and 4000 psi. Compared to the Soxhlet extraction, which produced a maximum crude fat yield of 6.734% in 12 hours, the supercritical extraction showed significantly higher efficiency, achieving superior results in just 3.5 hours. |
