| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探究社會經歷對諮商全職實習諮商心理師實習壓力的覺察及轉化歷程。研究方法以敘說研究法為基礎,透過半結構式的深度訪談,深度探究三位已完成諮商心理全職實習,且擁有截然不同社會經歷的實習諮商心理師對不同實習項目的感受,並以敘說研究中的「類別-內容」分析法,探索社會經歷如何塑造實習諮商心理師面對臨床挑戰、人際互動或專業道德等方面的態度和行為,希望藉此捕捉社會經歷對實習諮商心理師心理歷程的微妙而複雜的影響。研究發現如下:
1. 社會經歷的深化有助於實習諮商心理師應對人際與環境的挑戰。由於工作資歷較深的實習諮商心理師累積較豐富的人際互動和適應經驗,更能在變動的實習環境中找到應對方法,因此感受到的人際與環境壓力較少。
2. 隨著社會經歷的增加,實習諮商心理師對壓力的覺察也變得更敏銳。過去的壓力經驗能幫助實習諮商心理師更快地識別壓力來源。
3. 社會經歷有過較大挫折經驗的實習諮商心理師,覺察到較高專業壓力。過去在學習和工作中經歷較多挫折的實習諮商心理師可能更關注於自己的專業表現,因而感受到更多的壓力和焦慮。
4. 職業屬性累積的行為模式反而成為改變的阻力。職業屬性的不同和長期養成的特定工作模式,使得工作資歷較深厚的實習諮商心理師更容易在新的
情境中遇到過去學習和經驗不再適用的情況,從而感受到不適應與壓力。
5. 社會經歷較淺的實習諮商心理師採取最多元的壓力轉化方式。社會經歷較淺的實習心理師感受到的壓力情境更為複雜,因此需要更多策略來適應實習環境的挑戰,而社會經歷較深的實習諮商心理師所面臨的壓力源較為單一,因而不需要過多的壓力轉化。
6. 壓力轉化的歷程隨著社會經歷的增加,逐漸由改變環境轉向自我控制。隨著經驗的積累,實習諮商心理師能更有效地運用過去的生活和工作經驗應對各種挑戰,因此更傾向於將對壓力的主控權放在自己身上。
基於研究結果,本研究對培訓學校、實習機構、實習諮商心理師以及未來研究方向提出相關建議,有望為諮商領域提供不同的思考角度,並促進實務和研究的發展與完善。
This study aims to explore the impact of social experience on the awareness and
transformation of internship stress among full-time internship counselors. Using a narrative research approach, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with three interns who have completed their full-time counseling psychology internships and have different social experiences. Through the "category-content" analysis method in narrative research, the study examines how social experiences shape interns' attitudes and behaviors in facing clinical challenges, interpersonal interactions, and professional ethics. The goal is to understand the subtle and complex influences of social experiences on the psychological processes of full-time internship counselors. The findings are as
follows:
1. Deepened social experience helps full-time internship counselors navigate
interpersonal and environmental challenges. Interns with extensive work
experience accumulate richer interpersonal interactions and adaptive experiences, allowing them to find coping strategies more effectively in dynamic internship environments. As a result, they are aware of less pressure from interpersonal and environmental sources.
2. As social experience increases, full-time internship counselors become more
sensitive to stress. Past experiences with stress help interns identify stressors more quickly.
3. Interns in counseling psychology who have experienced significant setbacks in
their social experiences are aware of higher professional stress. Those who have
encountered more obstacles during their education and work may focus more on
their professional performance, leading to increased feelings of pressure and
anxiety.
4. The accumulation of occupational behavioral patterns becomes a barrier to change. Differences in job attributes and the long-term development of specific work modes make full-time internship counselors with extensive professional experience more susceptible to situations where their past learning and experiences no longer apply in new contexts, leading to difficulties in adaptation and feelings of stress.
5. Interns in counseling psychology with less social experience are more aware of complex stress situations, thus requiring more strategies to adapt to the challenges of the internship environment. In contrast, interns with deeper social experience face fewer sources of stress, necessitating less extensive stress transformation.
6. As interns in counseling psychology accumulate social experience, the process of stress transformation gradually shifts from environmental alteration to self-control. With increased experience, interns can effectively apply past experiences to handle various challenges, thus preferring to take ownership of managing stress themselves.
Based on the research findings, this study proposes relevant recommendations for
training schools, internship institutions, counseling psychology interns, and future research directions. It aims to offer new perspectives in the field of psychology and promote the development and enhancement of both practice and research. |
