| 摘要: | 《教務雜誌（1867-1941）》在眾多有關基督教的史料中，當屬最為重要。其內容甚為詳實豐富，並有其一定程度的公信力與權威性，而且持續出版長達七十五年之久。《教務雜誌》作為一個能長期提供傳教士間互通訊息的平臺，已使它成為在中國基督教史上最珍貴的文獻史料之一，其在研究中國基督新教史史料價值上，不可或缺的第一手重要文本。
二十世紀初的中國，在政治、社會、經濟、文化，思想處於急劇的變動，乃至於基督教在中國的發展，尤其與晚清變動政局中的庚子事變、教育變革、立憲運動、革命運動，辛亥革命以及此後的政治變動，至關緊密相聯。從這個意義上來說，傳教士的入華和植根，不僅是中國基督教史發展的結果，也是中國近代史在宏觀上發展的結果。
1900年，庚子事變後，中國前所未有地向世界開放，隨著清末新政的逐步展開傳教士對清政府能夠帶領中國走向進步的態度由疑慮到理解，進而支持到讚許。1905年後，清政府統治下的各項改革取得一定的成就；然而災荒頻仍、民變四起，地方民眾顯露出不滿的情緒，加上滿、漢關係的矛盾加劇，中國的形勢愈加詭譎多變。傳教士雖然欲以深刻理解中國的形勢，但掌握訊息過於支離片段，不夠全面完整，難以作出精準的判斷。清季革命運動時期，以及1911年辛亥革命爆發後，各差會傳教士們的態度複雜，顯有差異，大體上經歷了從震驚、觀望、讚揚、肯定的過程。至終，傳教士對於辛亥鼎革，視為發展基督教事業的契機，擴大其對革命新政權的影響，並利用這一機會促進基督教會自身的變革，開啟民國時期的黃金時代。
本論文據以《教務雜誌》為文本，透過傳教士的眼睛與評論變動中的晚清政局（1900-1911），從另一個側面反映這一段歷史。
"The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal（1867-1941）" is the most important among many historical materials about Christianity. Its content is rich, credible and authoritative, and it has been published for the longest time. As a platform that can provide information exchange among missionaries for a long time, " The Chinese Recorder " has been published for a long time and has become one of the most precious documents and historical materials in the history of Christianity in China. Its value as a historical material in the history of Chinese Protestantism cannot be exceeded Important first-hand texts that are indispensable.
At the beginning of the 20th century, China was undergoing drastic changes in politics, society, economy, culture, and thinking, and even the development of Christianity in China, especially in conjunction with the Gengzi Incident, educational reforms, constitutional movements, and revolutionary movements in the changing political situation of the late Qing Dynasty. , the Revolution of 1911 and subsequent political changes are closely linked. In this sense, the entry and establishment of missionaries in China is not only the result of the development of China's Christian history, but also the result of the macro development of China's modern history.
In 1900, after the Gengzi Incident, China opened up to the world as never before. As the New Deal gradually unfolded in the late Qing Dynasty, missionaries' attitude towards the Qing government's ability to lead China to progress changed from doubt to understanding, and then support to praise. After 1905, various reforms under the rule of the Qing government achieved certain achievements; however, frequent famines and civil riots occurred, local people showed dissatisfaction, and the conflicts between Manchu and Han intensified, the situation in China became increasingly treacherous and changeable. Although the missionaries wanted to deeply understand the situation in China, the information they had was too fragmented and not comprehensive enough to make accurate judgments. During the revolutionary movement in the Qing Dynasty and after the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 in 1911, the attitudes of missionaries in various mission societies were complicated and obviously different. Generally speaking, they went through a process of shock, wait and see, praise, and affirmation. In the end, missionaries viewed the Revolution of 1911 as an opportunity to develop Christianity, expand its influence on the new revolutionary regime, and use this opportunity to promote the transformation of the Christian church itself, ushering in the golden age of the Republic of China.
This dissertation is based on the " The Chinese Recorder " as the text, observing and commenting on the changing political situation of the late Qing Dynasty (1900-1911) through the eyes of missionaries, reflecting this period of history from another aspect. |
