| 摘要: | 本論文題為《宋詞中「蜂」的意象研究》，其研究動機是筆者在考察有關昆蟲文學意象的研究後，發現提及蜂的意象，大多僅代表春天意象而無其他意義，而其意象種類也比蟬、蝶、蠶、蟋蟀等其他昆蟲少，進而想再加以考察及驗證。
研究方法為先蒐羅大量有提及蜂的古籍史料，以了解中國各朝代對蜂的認識，包含養蜂的技術及各類蜂的差異。又詳讀宋朝以前提及蜂的詩詞作品，查找有關蜂詩作的古籍和專書，加以探討蜂的意象；再細查宋詞中提及蜂的詞作並探討其意象，最後整理出宋詞蜂意象的意象種類和寫作特色；以及宋詞蜂意象相比於過往蜂意象的獨特之處。
經過考察發現，蜂的意象並非只有代表春天，在宋朝以前的詩詞中，文人會觀察蜂飛採花時的各種飛行姿態，用以加入其中。不論是集中採蜜、散亂飛行，亦或是蜂群攻擊的景象，都能呈現不同的蜂意象，其中主要蜂意象依照多寡分為「為利辛勞」、「思緒煩亂」、「為非作歹」、「時間流逝」等蜂意象，在晚唐時期也開始有「男女情愛」的蜂意象出現於詞中。而在宋詞中因受到詞體的特性影響，「群聚作惡」的蜂意象大量減少，「男女情愛」的蜂意象開始大量出現於宋詞中，宋詞中蜂的意象依照多寡排列變為「男女情愛」、「思緒煩亂」、「為利辛勞」、「時間流逝」、「為非作歹」。從宋詞蜂意象的比例轉變，可以看出宋人對於蜂的看法逐漸轉為正向，蜂意象變為「男女情愛」以及「思緒煩亂」之用，而詞中「男女情愛」的蜂意象也影響後世文學作品中對蜂的用法。
This thesis is titled "A Study on the Imagery of Bees in Song Ci Poetry." The research motivation stems from the author's observation of insect literary imagery, where the mention of bee imagery in particular mostly represents the spring season without additional meanings. The types of bee imagery are also fewer compared to other insects such as cicadas, butterflies, silkworms, and crickets. Therefore, there is a desire to further investigate and verify this observation.
The research methodology involves first collecting a large number of historical materials that mention bees to understand the Chinese perception of bees throughout various dynasties. This includes knowledge about beekeeping techniques and the differences among various types of bees. The study also involves reading poetry and literary works mentioning bees from before the Song Dynasty, exploring ancient texts and specialized books related to bee poems, and discussing the imagery of bees. Furthermore, the study examines Song Ci poems that mention bees, explores their imagery, and categorizes the types and characteristics of bee imagery in Song Ci. Additionally, it compares the bee imagery in Song Ci with earlier representations.
Through the investigation, it is found that bee imagery is not limited to representing the spring season. In pre-Song Dynasty poetry, scholars observed various flight postures of bees when collecting nectar and incorporated them into their works. Whether it is the concentration of honey collection, scattered flight, or the scene of bee swarm attacks, different bee imagery can be presented. The main types of bee imagery are categorized based on abundance as "hardworking for profit," "troubled thoughts," "mischievous deeds," and "the passage of time." In the late Tang Dynasty, there is also the emergence of bee imagery related to "romantic relationships" in poetry. In Song Ci, influenced by the characteristics of the ci genre, the abundance of bee imagery related to "grouping for mischief" significantly decreases, while bee imagery associated with "romantic relationships" becomes prevalent. The arrangement of bee imagery in Song Ci becomes "romantic relationships," "troubled thoughts," "hardworking for profit," "the passage of time," and "mischievous deeds." The shift in the proportion of bee imagery in Song Ci indicates a gradual positive perception of bees among the Song people. Bee imagery transforms into the use of "romantic relationships" and "troubled thoughts." The bee imagery related to "romantic relationships" in ci poetry also influences the portrayal of bees in subsequent literary works. |
