| 摘要: | 台灣的金融歷史歷經兩次金融改革，從2001年至2008年為期間，透過「金融六法」鬆綁金融業務，目的降低壞帳比率提高資本充足率，重建金融秩序和金融安全網，並通過、「金融控股法」鼓勵金融業合併成立金控公司，朝向股權集中化組織極大化，容許金融機構跨業多角化經營，而台灣陸陸續續前後成立共十六家金融控股公司分別有；華南金、富邦金、中華開發金、國泰金、玉山金、兆豐金、元大金、日盛金、台新金、新光金、國票金、永豐金、中信金、第一金、台灣金、合庫金等，至今已過二十年在金融控股經營形成了「民營金控進，公股金控退」的現象，同時民營金控的資產快速累積，形成大到不能倒的局面，如同2008年的金融海嘯，大部分的美國金融集團都大到無法倒閉，但銀行之跨業經營使得金融集團內部成為不同金融業各種風險因素，且金融集團之間具有高度連結性，容易造成金融機構發生流動性危機，當金控公司不小心觸犯銀行法等相關法規，很容易造成金融重大事件重創台灣金融體系，如近幾年我國發生許多重大金融案件，尤其是違反關係人交易之利益輸送，2006年力霸案、2006年紅火案、2008年萬泰銀案、2008年幸福人壽案、2017年永豐金三寶案等，都是透過假交易或關係人交易來掏空資產或是透過關係人交易進行利益輸送，造成我國金融機構有產金不分離之情形，而金融整合及跨業經營往往都與關係人交易造成利益衝突之風險，加上關係人交易並非正當經濟效益，可能造成金融機構嚴重裁罰，再執行金融整合追求營運效益的同時，如何避免違反關係人之交易為本文的探討主軸。
本研究以國內外銀行業關係人交易之法規為研究區域，旨在探討主金融控股公司透過交叉持股對銀行、證券、保險業具有控制權達到關係人交易以及國內外違反關係人交易裁罰案例之研究。
Taiwan's financial history has gone through two financial reforms. From 2001 to 2008, the "Six Financial Laws" were used to loosen financial business, with the purpose of reducing the bad debt ratio, increasing the capital adequacy ratio, re-building financial order and the financial safety net, and through the "Six Finan-cial Laws" The "Financial Holding Act" encourages the financial industry to merge and establish financial holding companies, maximizing the concentration of ownership organizations, and allowing financial institutions to operate in cross-industry diversification. Taiwan has successively established a total of 16 financial holding companies; South China Financial Holdings , Fubon Gold, China Development Gold, Cathay Gold, Yushan Gold, Mega Gold, Yuan Tai Gold, Risheng Gold, Taishin Gold, Shin Kong Gold, National Bank Gold, Si-noPac Gold, CITIC Gold, First Gold, Taiwan Gold , Heku Financial, etc., have formed a phenomenon of "private financial holdings advance and public finan-cial holdings retreat" in financial holding operations for twenty years. At the same time, the assets of private financial holdings have accumulated rapidly, forming a situation that is too big to fail. During the 2008 financial tsunami, most U.S. financial groups were too big to fail. However, the cross-industry op-erations of banks have caused various risk factors in different financial indus-tries within financial groups, and financial groups are highly connected, which can easily lead to financial crisis. A liquidity crisis occurs in an institution. When a financial holding company accidentally violates banking laws and other relevant regulations, it can easily cause major financial events to severely dam-age Taiwan's financial system. For example, many major financial cases have occurred in our country in recent years, such as the 2006 Liba case, the 2006 Honghuo case, the 2008 Wantaiyin case, the 2008 Happy Life case, the 2017 Yongfeng Gold Sanbao case, etc., all of which were through fake transactions. Or transactions with related parties to empty out assets or transfer interests through transactions with related parties, resulting in the situation that financial institutions in China are not separated from assets and funds, and financial inte-gration and cross-industry operations often create the risk of conflicts of interest with transactions with related parties. In addition, related party transactions are not legitimate economic benefits and may result in severe penalties for financial institutions. While implementing financial integration to pursue operational ben-efits, how to avoid violations of related party transactions is the main focus of this article. This study takes the domestic and foreign laws and regulations on related party transactions in the banking industry as the research area, and aims to explore the control of major financial holding companies over banks, securi-ties, and insurance industries through cross-shareholdings to achieve related party transactions, as well as domestic and foreign violations of related party transaction sanctions. A study of penalty cases |
