唐代小說婢女形象研究

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Title:	唐代小說婢女形象研究 A Study of the Handmaid Figures in Tang Dynasty Fictions
Authors:	馮曉笛
Contributors:	中國文學系
Keywords:	唐代小說婢女女性形象 Tang Dynasty fictions handmaids women's figures
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2024-03-07 15:46:19 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	婢女是唐代社會結構中最弱勢的角色群體，但在唐代小說中她們亦可成為主角，不僅賦予我們瞭解唐代当時社會和家庭生活的新視角，婢女形象的本身也展現出豐富的人性內涵。第一章將「婢女」身份概念進行釐清，從《太平廣記》中選取合適含有婢女形象的篇章三十一篇。第二章探討主僕關係可發現婢女與主人既存在相互依存、報恩感懷等正面積極的關係，亦存在嫉妒、暴虐、反抗等消極的關係。在對主人身心的關懷和照料的過程中，有些婢女與主人之間會建立起特別的情感紐帶，體現出一種溫暖而充滿情義的主僕關係；而報仇婢女形象則表現出不願白白被奪取生命的強烈個體意識。從婢女形象的身份認同也可見婢女對自身的認知和定位。第三章論述了輕紅和崔家小姐、綠翹與魚玄機、劉長史家的婢女和劉長史女兒，三對婢女和女主的影身人物關係；是唐人有意創作人物形象的例證，這種巧妙的手法也顯示出唐代小說成熟的藝術價值。對唐代小說婢女的角色和特質探討後，可發現有些婢女是家中潛在災難的來源，婢女也常作為女主與男子相會的橋樑甚至慫恿者。婢女形象還存在著一些歷史、傳說中的文化替身。她們傳承了歷史人物精神，也成為歷史人物的同類。第四章探討了玉簫和窈娘悲劇的深層次成因，縱觀婢女命運的流轉，發現她們命運的不確定性，因著主人的心情、世事變遷而在其中身不由己。最後則聚焦於婢女上清，她憑藉自身的能力與智慧，在被動的環境中展現積極的主觀能動性，這也是她命運能夠收獲完滿的關鍵因素。從時代意義來說，婢女形象反映出了唐代社會女性意識的限制，和當時婢女群體在真實生活中遇到的矛盾。中晚唐的政治動盪、宗教在唐代的發展和弊端也能在婢女形象得到體現。理想投射一節則找到婢女形象與當時人文理想、宗教精神的契合。 Handmaids were the most vulnerable group in the social structure of the Tang Dynasty, in Tang Dynasty fictions, they also had rich humanity in their portrayals. The first chapter clarifies the concept of the handmaid identity and selects 31 appropriate chapters containing handmaid figures from the "Taiping Guangji." The second chapter explores the master-servant relationship, revealing both positive and negative aspects within the relationship between a handmaid and her master. Some handmaids and their masters establish a warm and affectionate bond while others show jealousy, cruelty, or rebellion. The handmaids' self-awareness and positioning can also be seen in their identity recognition. The third chapter discusses the echoes between handmaids and female protagonists, such as between Qinghong and Cui's daughter, Lv Qiao and Yu Xuanji, and Liu's daughter and Liu’s handmaid. This highlights the artistry and maturity of Tang Dynasty storytelling. Some handmaids are sources of potential disasters within the household, while others act as a bridge or even instigator between male and female protagonists. They also serve as cultural stand-ins for historical or legendary figures. The fourth chapter delves into the deeper causes of the tragedies faced by two handmaids, Yuxiao and Yaoniang, both of whose fates are uncertain, depending on their master's emotions and social changes. The focus then shifts to the handmaid Shangqing, who has a fulfilling destiny due to her ability and intelligence, actively asserting herself in her passive environment. From the perspective of the societal context, these portrayals of handmaids reflect the constraints on women's consciousness during the Tang Dynasty and the contradictions that the handmaid group faced in real life. Political turmoil, religious development, and shortcomings of the Tang Dynasty can also be seen through handmaid characters. The last section looks at the connection between handmaid figures and humanistic ideals and religious spirit.
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