| 摘要: | 本研究欲探討青少年期經驗父母罹癌的預期性哀傷之研究，招募三位研究參與者回顧五年內曾經歷父母癌症轉移、復發、晚/末期經驗者，透過半結構式深度訪談作為搜集資料方法。當父母罹癌時，因治療緣故將在家庭角色中缺席，使子女生活面臨重大改變，故本研究旨在瞭解其面臨父母癌症轉移、復發、晚/末期之預期性哀傷，及其復原、因應歷程。為了解三位研究參與者的生命經驗，本研究採敘事研究法，採取「類別—內容」分析文本，呈現研究參與者真實的生命故事及其內在世界的運轉，所得研究結果如下：
壹、 受訪者面對父/母罹癌時的衝擊及感受
當父/母罹癌時，青少年將會面臨許多不同層面之衝擊與感受，研究結果將分為四個不同層面，分別為身體層面、家庭層面、人際層面、疾病與死亡層面，經歷家庭內大事件後，青少年往往需要一段自我修復、重建內在世界的時間，而家庭、同儕的支持系統顯得十分重要，敞開胸懷訴說哀傷經驗能夠有效協助個體進行哀傷歷程修復。
貳、 面臨父/母罹癌之預期性哀傷經驗
預期性哀傷展現面貌具個人化及獨特性，三位研究參與者之預期性哀傷展現面貌截然不同，尤其是青少年時期處於脫離家庭、投入同儕的巨大改變，其內在將面對情緒、壓力、身心狀態是流動、複雜的，在生氣、冷漠底下是擔心和害怕父/母的離世，面對情緒往往不斷擺盪，因此找到屬於個人之因應方式才是最適合自己的方式。
參、 經歷預期性哀傷經驗後如何調適
三位研究參與者的因應歷程中情緒不斷來回擺盪，透過獨處、自我對話、重新建構內在世界、與同儕相處和轉換環境使其能夠以更開闊的心面對自己的悲傷，在經歷父/母癌症轉移、復發、晚/末期事件後，感到受生命的脆弱性和把握時間的重要，從自己的生命經驗中得到改變其生命觀。
最後，依據研究結果，提出研究者的反思與研究建議與限制，期望提供未來對此相關主題有興趣之研究者微薄建議，以及使專業助人者對此族群有近一步的認識，願讀者能從中有所共鳴及啟發。
This study intends to explore the experience of adolescent anticipating grief due to their parents' cancer. Three research participants were recruited to review their parents' experience of cancer metastasis, recurrence, and late stage/terminal cancer in the past five years. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used as the data collection method. When parents suffer from cancer, they will be absent from their familial role due to treatment, which will cause their children face major changes in life. Therefore, this study aims to understand the anticipatory grief faced by their parents' cancer metastasis, recurrence, and late/terminal stages, as well as their recovery and coping course. In order to understand the life experience of the three research participants, this study adopts the narrative research method, adopts "category-content" analysis to construct the text, and presents the real life stories of the research participants and the operation of their inner world. The research results are as follows:
1. Respondents’ shock and feelings when their parents suffer from cancer
When parents suffer from cancer, adolescents will face many different levels of impact and feelings. The research results will be divided into four different levels: the physical level, family level, interpersonal level, and disease and death level. After the incident, teenagers often need a period of time to repair themselves and rebuild their inner world. A support system of family and peers is very important, and opening up about grief can effectively assist individuals to work through the grieving process.
2. Anticipatory grief experience to confront a parent’s cancer
The appearance of anticipatory grief is personal and unique. The appearance of anticipatory grief among the three research participants was completely different for each individual, especially when they were separated from their families and engaged with peers during their adolescence. They will face extreme emotions and immense pressure, taxing both their body and mind. Their state of mind is fluid and complicated. Underneath the anger and indifference is the worry and fear of their parent’s death. Faced with these constantly fluctuating emotions, they must find a coping method which works well for them.
3. How to adjust after an anticipatory grief experience
During the coping process of the three research participants, their emotions were constantly swinging back and forth. Through being alone, talking to themselves, reconstructing their inner world, consulting with peers, (use the oxford comma, it’s better for readability) and changing their environment, they were able to face their own grief with a more open heart. After cancer metastasis, recurrence, and late/terminal events, they feel the fragility of life and the importance of grasping time, and change their outlook on life from their own life experiences. (they go through multiple experiences)
Finally, based on the research results, the researchers’ reflections, suggestions, and limitations are put forward, hoping to provide modest suggestions for researchers interested in related topics in the future, and to enable professional helpers to have a better understanding of adolescents grieving due to their parent’s cancer diagnosis/prognosis. |
