P2P網路借貸監理制度探討—以中美兩國為例

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题名:	P2P網路借貸監理制度探討—以中美兩國為例 Study of Regulatory Framework on Peer-to-Peer Lending:in U.S. and China
作者:	李家宇
贡献者:	法律學系
关键词:	金融科技數位金融中國P2P網路借貸美國P2P網路借貸 P2P網路借貸金融監管
日期:	2023
上传时间:	2023-08-02 10:45:50 (UTC+8)
摘要:	隨著網路時代的到來，金融科技的出現改變了傳統的銀行業金融模式，網路融資隨之快速發展。 P2P網路借貸模式在進入傳統金融市場後，在一定程度上彌補了金融行業傳統模式的不足，同時解決了一部分個人信貸、創業者及中小微企業融資困難的問題。但隨著P2P網路借貸的高速發展，所面臨的爭議問題亦接踵而來。中國的P2P網路借貸於發展於發展初期被中國政府視為重點產業扶植，網路借貸平臺以野蠻生長之姿迅速於中國市場成長，但脫離監管下的網貸平台開始出現大量停業、轉型等問題平台，據統計2019年，中國涉及違約或倒閉的借貸平台約有6千多家，涉案金額約達多達306億美元，至少270多萬投資人受到損害。而台灣目前因應數位金融時代(Bank3.0)來臨亦極力發展網路金融業務，但相較於其他國家，台灣P2P網路借貸仍處於初期發展階段，目前的監管制度仍不明確，於無專法管制的情況下，平台業者沒有明確的法規範作為遵循依據，於發展上只能仿效其他國家，難以確保不會走上中國P2P網路借貸的發展，令P2P網路借貸產業的發展備受考驗。因此本文希望透過研究中國及美國對P2P借貸平台之發展與法規範之比較，以期P2P借貸平台能在我國合法發展外，同時能藉由中美兩國已發生之P2P借貸平台爭議，我國能防患於未然，提出對監管方式之建議，使平台在合法運作的同時，降低對使用者與市場的風險。 With the advent of the Internet age, the emergence of financial technology has changed the traditional banking financial model, and the rapid development of online financing has came. After peer-to-peer (P2P) lending joined the current financial market, the P2P online lending model has to a certain extent compensated for the shortcomings of the traditional mode of the financial industry and solved the problem of financing difficulties for some entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized enterprises. Nevertheless, with the rapid development of P2P lending, controversial issues mereged. P2P lending in China was regarded as a key industry by the Chinese government at the beginning of its development. Online lending platforms has booming in the Chinese market, but they have begun to experience problems, such as a large number of shutdowns and transformations due to out of supervision. According to statistics, more than 6,000 lending platforms in China were involved in defaults or collapses in 2019, involving about US$30.6 billion, and at least 2.7 million investors were affected. In response to the coming of the digital financial era (Banking 3.0), our country is also making great efforts to develop online financial services. However, compared to other countries, P2P lending in Taiwan is still at an early stage of development, and the current regulatory system is still not reday. In the absence of special law supervision, platform operators do not have clear legal norms as a basis for compliance. In terms of development, we can only follow other countries, and it is difficult to ensure that the development of P2P lending will not repeat the same mistakes happened in China, which puts the development of the P2P network lending industry in Taiwan to the test. Therefore, this article aims to study the development of P2P lending platforms in China and legal norms and makes P2P lending platforms develop legally in Taiwan. In addition, by taking advantage of disputes on Chinese P2P lending platforms, we can prevent problems before they occur, and propose regulationsto allow platforms to operate legally while reducing risks to users and the market.
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