| 摘要: | 目的：探討類等長離心 (EQI) 與離心 (ECC) 訓練介入對肌肉肌腱單元 (MTUs) 結構與功能特性之影響。方法：招募32名健康男性成人，隨機分派至ECC (16名) 及ECC (16名) 進行為期8週，每週2次的單側膝關節伸展訓練。並於第0、5、10週評估MTUs結構 (股直肌與股外側肌FL、PA、MT、CSA及髕腱長度) 與功能特性 (MVC、MVIC、RFD及髕腱勁度)。所得資料以混合設計二因子變異數分析檢定訓練組別與時間點各依變相之差異。結果：經8週訓練後MTUs結構顯示，EQI股直肌CSA第10週顯著高於第0週(p <.05)。EQI股外側肌PA、FL第10週股顯著高於第0週。EQI股外側肌CSA顯著高於第0、5週 (p <.05)。ECC股直肌MT第5週顯著高於第0週 (p <.05)。ECC股外側肌PA第10週顯著低於第0週。ECC股外側肌FL、CSA第10週顯著高於第0、5週 (p <.05)。MVC結果顯示，EQI第5、10顯著高於第0週，第10週顯著高於第5週 (p <.05)。ECC第5、10顯著高於第0週，第10週顯著高於第5週 (p <.05)。MVIC結果顯示，EQI第10週顯著高於第0週 (p <.05)。ECC第5、10顯著高於第0週 (p <.05)。RFD結果顯示，EQI僅在RFD 0-30第10週顯著高於第0週 (p <.05)。而ECC在RFDpeak第10週顯著高於第0、5週 (p <.05)，ECC 在RFD (0-30、0-50、0-100 ms) 在第5、10週顯著高於第0週 (p <.05)。髕腱勁度皆無顯著改變 (p <.05)。結論：EQI有助於促進肌肉結構、MVC及MVIC適應，其效果與ECC相似。此外，由於EQI收縮特性緩慢將不利於RFD表現。
Purpose: To investigate the effects of eccentric quasi-isometric (EQI) and eccentric (ECC) training interventions on the structure and functional characteristics of muscle-tendon units (MTUs). Methods: Thirty-two healthy male adults were recruited and randomly assigned to EQI (n=16) and ECC (n=16) groups to undergo unilateral knee extension training twice a week for 8 weeks. MTU structure (fascicle length [FL], pennation angle [PA], muscle thickness [MT], cross-sectional area [CSA] of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles, and patellar tendon length) and functional characteristics (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC], maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], rate of force development [RFD], and patellar tendon stiffness) were evaluated at weeks 0, 5, and 10. Data were analyzed using a mixed-design two-factor ANOVA to test the main effects of training group and time. Results: After 8 weeks of training, the EQI group showed significant increases in MTUs structure, with the EQI group having significantly greater CSA in the rectus femoris at week 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05). The EQI group also had significantly greater CSA in the vastus lateralis at week 10 compared to weeks 0 and 5 (p < .05), as well as greater PA and FL at week 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05). The ECC group had significantly greater MT in the rectus femoris at week 5 compared to week 0 (p < .05), as well as greater PA and CSA in the vastus lateralis at week 10 compared to weeks 0 and 5 (p < .05), and greater FL at week 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05). However, the ECC group had lower PA at week 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05). In terms of functional characteristics, MVC was significantly increased in both groups at weeks 5 and 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05), with the EQI group having significantly greater MVC at week 10 compared to week 5 (p < .05). MVIC was significantly increased in the EQI group at week 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05), and in the ECC group at weeks 5 and 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05). RFD was significantly increased in the EQI group at 0-30 ms at week 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05), while in the ECC group, RFDpeak was significantly increased at week 10 compared to weeks 0 and 5 (p < .05), and RFD (0-30, 0-50, 0-100 ms) were significantly increased at weeks 5 and 10 compared to week 0 (p < .05). There were no significant changes in patellar tendon stiffness in either group (p < .05). Conclusion: The EQI is effective in promoting muscle structure, MVC, and MVIC adaptations, with similar effects to ECC. However, due to the slow contraction characteristics of EQI, it may not be beneficial for RFD performance. |
