| 摘要: | 隨著科技的快速發展及行動裝置與智慧型行動裝置的普及化，網路的高涵蓋率使得電子商務(E-commerce)迅速發展逐漸成為現今主流商業交易模式之一。台灣自2021年5月起疫情三級警戒衝擊下，諸多管制措施嚴重衝擊零售業，同時也加速民眾消費模式從實體改為虛擬選購。隨著新冠肺炎疫情升溫，消費者線上購物的頻率與需求量隨之暴增，物流倉儲的深度與速度成為後疫情時代下對於電子商務業者的考驗。在電子商務激烈較勁下，商品的供貨能力與運送效率會是業者競爭的關鍵，換言之，物流將成為競爭下的決勝因素。
良好的物流中心選址可以保證物流系統的均衡發展，節約運輸成本，增加企業銷售競爭力。然而，不適當的選址除了將耗費大量營運成本之外，如需變更區位也將導致企業產生巨大損失。因此，本研究首先將透過文獻回顧，以文獻評析方式彙整物流中心區位選擇選址與影響因素。後續使用模糊德爾菲專家學者問卷針對本研究所彙整之物流中心選址決策底下的20項影響因素進行篩選，藉專家學者意見篩選出Business to Customer(B2C)電商物流中心區位選址構面與影響因素之架構。最後藉由層級分析法計算出各構面與因素之權重值，藉此去排序影響因素之間的重要程度，並為未來B2C電商及物流中心業者設立新址時提供不同角度之觀點與建議。
研究結果發現，學者與B2C電商業者在面對B2C電商物流中心選址時有不同側重的考量重點。學者的重點主要著重在影響物流中心支出之各項因素或是成本構面下的影響，業者則更重視物流中心能夠帶來的效益以及影響物流中心環境的各項因素。由結果推論，學者著重觀點在於建置物流中心所消耗之各項成本因素，B2C電商業者比起著重於物流中心成本之各項因素，更在意物流中心所帶來的效益。因此，建議未來相關業者欲設立新址時，除了將考量重點放在運輸系統，亦即運送效率與速度為企業帶來的效益外，也應同時將成本構面下的影響因素納入決策重點。
With the rapid development of technology and the popularization of mobile devices, the high coverage and convenience of the Internet has led to the rapid development of e-commerce (E-commerce) gradually become one of the mainstream business transaction modes. However, since 2019, due to the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the sudden epidemic has reduced people’s time to go out and forced changes in their original consumption patterns, thus accelerating online shopping in terms of transaction frequency and amount. As the COVID-19 epidemic intensified, the frequency and demand of consumers’ online shopping was overwhelmingly increased, and the depth and speed of logistics and warehousing became a test for e-commerce operators in the post-epidemic era. Under the fierce competition of e-commerce, the supply capacity and delivery efficiency of goods would be the key factor in the competition. In other words, logistics would be the decisive factor in the competition.
Thus, a good logistics center location can ensure the balanced development of the logistics system, save transportation costs, and increase the sales competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, this study reviewed the B2C e-commerce consumption patterns that Taiwanese consumers preferred, and summarized the decision-making factors for selecting the location of logistics centers through literature review, and establish location selection dimensions and indicators. The first phase of the study was by using Fuzzy Delphi Method. Throughtout the result, therespondets filter 11 indicators that effect B2C logistic center location selection. Then will be using Analytic Hierarchy Process to get the weight and priority of each indicators. The results would offer future B2C e-commerce players considerations for logistics center location selection.
As the result, Scholars and B2C e-commerce operators have completely different considerations. Scholars mainly focus on the various factors that affect the logistics center expenditure or the influence under the cost structure, while the industry pays more attention to the benefits that the logistics center can bring to the company. Therefore, when relevant operators plan to set up a new site, in addition to focusing on the factors affecting the cost structure, they should also take the transportation system and the benefits brought by the transportation efficiency as well. |
