近年來，臺灣面臨高房價之時代，我國中央及地方政府透過訂定相關政策以及推動興建社會住宅來解決房價居高不下的居住問題。然而政府規劃興建社會住宅卻引起社會大眾反對，主要原因係來自過去對於國民住宅的負面印象，以及社會住宅所提供之居住對象為經濟或社會較為弱勢之族群，民眾擔憂可能會影響社區住宅治安、生活品質及周邊房價等，導致社會住宅被貼上汙名化之標籤，而受到社會住宅周邊居民反對其興建。是以，社會住宅在發展過程中，公眾對社會住宅居民之疑慮為何，以及造成社會住宅有汙名化之原因是如何產生，即為本研究欲探討之議題。
本研究以臺北市目前（截至2021年）規劃中之8處社會住宅作為實證之範圍，針對社會住宅周邊地區居民進行430份問卷調查，探究公眾對於社會住宅居民的標籤是否會透過既定的刻板印象而產生社會排斥，以及公眾對社會住宅居民的刻板印象是否會受到媒體影響而對社會排斥產生變化，並考量社會住宅居民身分有「一般戶」及「弱勢優先戶」二種身分標籤，將分別檢驗社會住宅居民不同身分別的刻板印象是否有所差異，進而釐清社會住宅是否有汙名化的現象。
實證結果顯示，社會住宅居民的標籤除會受到負面的刻板印象影響而產生社會排斥外，媒體亦能顯著調節社會住宅居民標籤與刻板印象之間的關係，公眾對社會住宅居民為弱勢戶之身分的刻板印象相較於一般戶身分時具有更負面的影響，因此，根據上述實證結果，無論社會住宅居民本身就存有既定的刻板印象；亦或是受到媒體渲染而使公眾對社會住宅居民有刻板印象的影響效果，皆能證實現今政府規劃興建之社會住宅仍有汙名化的現象，建議政府可以本研究之實證結果作為未來訂定與規劃社會住宅政策或後續研究之參考。
In recent years, Taiwan has been fetching high housing prices and a shortage housing supply for poor families. Thus, the central and local governments have introduced relevant policies and promoted the social housing program to solve the shortage of housing supply. However, the program of social housing has aroused opposition from the public. The main reason is the negative stereotypes of public housing tenants in the past, which affected the security of community, the quality of life and surrounding housing prices. Consequently, social housing have been stigmatized, and opposed by the public.
This study takes the 8 social housing projects currently under planning in Taipei City (as of 2021) as the case study, conducting 430 questionnaires from the residents in these surrounding areas of social housing. This study aims to explore stigma of social housing through the public attitudes to two different types of social housing tenants—normal households and underprivileged households. In addition, this study investigates the effects of labeling of social hosing by media. The empirical results show that compare with normal families, the negative stereotypes of incapability of underprivileged households significantly cause social exclusion. The media can also significantly mediate the relationship between public attitudes to underprivileged households and social exclusion particularly the stereotype of dangerous. The empirical results can suggest guidelines for governments to avoid the conflict of social housing program with the public.
