| 摘要: | 政府間氣候變遷專門委員會(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 簡稱IPCC)觀察到自工業化時代以來，因為經濟和人口的快速成長，讓二氧化碳迅速上升，因此各國開始注意到有關氣候變遷之議題，而運輸部門是所有部門中影響到二氧化碳排放量很重要的部門之一，因此各國紛紛興建大眾運輸系統，以期降低都市中的二氧化碳排放量。除此之外，許多國家面臨人口結構改變的議題，其可能導致都市中的二氧化碳排放量產生變化，也可能影響到交通部門甚至大眾運輸系統的二氧化碳排放量。臺北市於1996年啟用臺北捷運，期望可以舒緩交通雍塞情況，並減少都市中的二氧化碳排放量。因此本研究針對上述議題進行分析，探討臺北市人口結構與臺北捷運潛在二氧化碳排放量之關聯性。
研究結果顯示，臺北捷運的興建對於臺北市民購買自家車輛無顯著影響，臺北市民搭乘交通設備之費用也沒有顯著改變，但是臺北市之運輸部門二氧化碳排放總量及人均二氧化碳排放量呈現下降之趨勢。隨著臺北捷運之路網及站點建置愈趨完善，其潛在二氧化碳排放量逐漸上升，且站點之熱點集中於臺北市區，然而雖然19歲以下人口及20-64歲人口之熱點與臺北捷運站點之潛在二氧化碳排放量熱點無關聯性，但65歲以上人口對於臺北捷運潛在二氧化碳排放量之影響逐漸降低，推測臺北捷運之潛在二氧化碳排放量之熱點站點由19歲以下之學生人口或20-64歲之上班人口所產生。進一步排除分布於商業區之臺北捷運熱點站點後，臺北捷運站點平均進出站人次及站點進站人次之熱點分布於65歲以上人口之熱點區域，其站點位於住宅區中，推測65歲以上人口搭乘臺北捷運有優惠且便於搭乘，因此吸引65歲以上人口使用。雖然臺北捷運之潛在二氧化碳排放量逐年上升，但是其人均潛在二氧化碳排放量有減少之趨勢，除了2021年乘客之搭乘需求受到疫情影響而減少，以至於人均潛在二氧化碳排放量些微上升，但排除外界因子影響之下，臺北捷運之興建仍然有減緩臺北市二氧化碳排放量之成效。
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has observed that CO has risen rapidly, due to rapid economic and population growth since the industrialization era. Countries have begun to pay attention to issues related to climate change. The transportation sector is one of the most important sectors that severely affect CO2 emissions. Therefore, countries have built public transportation systems, hoping to reduce CO2 emissions in cities. In addition, many countries are facing demographic changes, which may cause changes in CO2 emissions in cities, and may also affect the CO2 emissions of the transportation sector and even public transportation systems. Metro Taipei opened in 1996, hoping to relieve traffic congestion and reduce CO2 emissions in the city. Therefore, this study analyzes the above issues and discusses correlation between city population structure and potential CO2 emissions of Metro Taipei.
The results of the study show that the construction of Metro Taipei has no significant impact on the purchase of their own vehicles by Taipei citizens, as well as the cost of transportation facilities for Taipei citizens. However, the total CO2 emissions and per capita CO2 emissions of the transportation sector in Taipei City showed downward trends. Furthermore, as the construction of Metro Taipei networks and stations becomes more and more complete, its potential CO2 emissions have gradually increased and the hotspots of the statious are concentrated in the center of Taipei city. However, although the hotspots of the population under the age of 19 and the age group 20-64 are not correlated with the CO2 emission hotspots of Metro Taipei stations, the impact of the population over 65 on the potential CO2 emissions of Metro Taipei gradually decreased. It is speculated that the hotspots of potential CO2 emissions of Metro Taipei stations are produced by the student population under the age of 19 or the working population aged 20-64. After further excluding the Metro Taipei hotspots located in the commercial districts, the average number of people entering and leaving the stations and the hotspots of the number of people entering the stations are distributed in the hotspots of the population over the age of 65 the stations are located in residential areas. It is estimated that the people over the age of 65 take Metro Taipei at discounts and for its convennience, so it attracts people over the age of 65. Although the potential CO2 emissions of Metro Taipei are increasing year by year, its per capita potential CO2 emissions tends decreased, except that the passenger demand in 2021 reduced due to the impact of the epidemic, resulting in a slight increase in per capita potential CO2 emissions. Excluding influence of the external factors, the construction of Metro Taipei still has the effect of slowing down the CO2 emission of Taipei City. |
