| 摘要: | 都市中心「廣場」意味著地區活動的焦點，一個好的商業入口廣場空間可以帶動商業區中各種活動的產生活絡市中心，更可以提供民眾優良的休憩空間。近年來台灣地區對開放空間的思考逐漸重視空間的品質，因此在「商業區廣場」規劃設計思考上，應了解不同廣場的空間尺度、型態與使用者行為之間的關係，才能創造符合在地使用的廣場。但綜觀相關設計理論與規則，大多數的商業區廣場由建築配置後所剩餘的空間，其僅扮演出入口過道的功能，顯少有考量到過道以外的機能。因此，本研究希望透過田野與問卷調查，針對臺北市都市商業區廣場分析廣場空間與活動之間的關係，試圖尋求適合在地的商業區廣場更明確的規劃及設計原則，以提供往後相關設計與研究參考。
本研究回顧既有和廣場、空間設計、使用行為等相關文獻，解釋都市商業區廣場定義、功能、分類與構成要素，並以台北市各大商圈之商業區廣場為案例，利用描述統計、卡方檢定與線性迴歸，分析比較對各廣場調查所回收的資料，發現以下結果：
1、廣場位於商業區中央、鄰接捷運與特別活動產生都會強化廣場的使用率。
2、到商業區逛街購物的民眾因需要休息空間進入廣場，對停留位置主要考量有座位與遮蔭。
3、鄰接捷運的廣場有較多的等待行為，此類民眾主要因為用餐或聚會到商業區用餐或聚會，對停留位置主要考量位置明顯，並且對座位有強烈的需求。
4、民眾認為商業區廣場最適合存在街頭表演，動態街頭表演需較大使用空間。
研究建議未來設置都市商業區廣場時，廣場區位應於商業區主要活動範圍的動線上，廣場空間應和鄰接建築興建時一併規劃設計，避免成為建築切剩的畸零地，再者考量等待、休息與街頭表演所需要的空間尺度、座椅和遮蔭設施，以上原則供規劃設計參考。
As “Urban Plaza” is usually an important focal point within the area, a well-designed plaza within a business district is likely to promote commercial activities and to provide a place for leisure. Recently, with the increasing demand of better open space quality, the approach of planning and designing should more emphasize on the relationships between spatial dimension and types, and user behaviors. However, in Taiwan, most of existing urban plazas locating within the commercial district are designed after the building design. They have been served as entrance space of the building, and seldom incorporate other functions such as waiting. Therefore, based on plazas locating within Taipei business district, this study aims to define a set of planning and design principles through employing field survey and questionnaires to analyze and verify the linkage between the plazas and their activities.
The study starts with literature reviews (including plaza’s design, urban design, user behaviors, definition of plaza, and the functions and factors influencing on Plazas), and selects several urban plazas within the commercial district in Taipei as study areas. Statistical analytical methods such as description statistics, Chi-square, and regression are employed to evaluate the relationships between activities and spatial configuration. The results show that:
1. A plaza located within the center of commercial district and adjacent to transit station will attract more users and increase the usage rate;
2. Those people, whose purpose is shopping, will normally look for shade area and seats for waiting people or getting rest;
3. Those people, whose purpose is dining or meeting, tend to meet at the plazas before dining or meeting, and they normally have stronger request for seating, for which they prefer sitting on the locations that are visible.
4. Users tend to agree that those urban plazas locating within commercial district are suitable for street shows. However, a wider space is the basic requirement.
Finally, this study suggests that the activity nodes within the urban plaza should be next to the pedestrian circulation. The planning process of building and outdoor space should start simultaneously to avoid fragmental outdoor space. The considerations of spatial configuration, street furniture, activities, and shade area should be incorporated into the planning and design process in the beginning. |
