| 摘要: | 近年來，由於社會經濟發展快速，生活水準大幅提升，在飲食方面也因此而改變，往往容易造成營養不均衡的情狀。加上現今社會鼓吹「瘦即是美」的風氣，導致大學生對各種減肥方法趨之若鶩，飲食行為異常已成為不可忽視的課題。由於舞蹈系學生對於自我的體型與舞蹈的表現追求完美的心態，以及渴望被同儕、師長與觀眾的認同與肯定，在種種壓力的驅使下，其飲食行為值得深入探討研究。故本研究目的旨在瞭解台灣地區大學院校舞蹈系學生的「體型意識」、「營養知識」與「飲食行為」之現況及相關性。
本研究採問卷調查法，研究對象為九十五學年度就讀台灣地區六所大學舞蹈系學生，經普查方式，發出860份問卷，實得609份大學舞蹈系學生之有效樣本。研究所使用之測量工具包括：「個人背景資料調查表」、「體型意識量表」、「營養知識量表」、「飲食行為量表」等四項。將施測所得資料分別以次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步迴歸等統計方法進行分析。本研究結果如下：
1. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生中，約有七成的學生就讀公立學校；有超過九成的學生為女學生。
2. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生中，一年級與二年級學生約佔三成；約有近七成五的大學舞蹈系學生尚未分組。
3. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生的「身體質量指數」（BMI）平均值為19.79，近八成的大學舞蹈系學生的體型屬於「標準範圍」；然而有近八成的大學舞蹈系學生「期望身高」較實際高；有近九成的大學舞蹈系學生「期望體重」較實際輕。
4. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生之「體型意識」略趨於正向、積極。不僅較在乎、注重自己的外表，並且會積極加以修飾；對自己「身體各部位的滿意度」最低，其中更以「體重」部分感到最不滿意。
5. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生之「營養知識」得分率為72.5%。
6. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生之「飲食行為」略趨於正向。
7. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生之「體型意識」會因「學校」、「年級」、「主修項目」、「BMI」之不同而有顯著差異。其中，「公立」學校學生對自己身體的知覺、想法與感受比「私立」學校學生較正向、積極；「一年級」學生比「二年級」學生對己身體的知覺、想法與感受較正向、積極；「體型過瘦」的學生對自己身體的知覺、想法或感受，比「體型過重」的學生較為積極、正向。
8. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生之「營養知識」會因「學校」、「性別」之不同而有顯著差異。其中「公立」學校學生的營養知識較「私立」學校學生好；「女學生」的營養知識較「男學生」好。
9. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生之「飲食行為」會因「性別」、「BMI」之不同而有顯著差異。其中「女學生」的飲食行為比「男學生」較為負向。「體型標準」與「體型過重」的學生其飲食行為較「體型過瘦」的學生差。
10. 「體型意識」與「營養知識」間存在顯著低程度之正相關。
11. 台灣地區大學舞蹈系學生之「體重評估」、「健康評估」、「BMI」、「外表取向」、「性別」可以顯著預測學生之「飲食行為」。
根據本研究之研究發現與結論，建議大學舞蹈系學生建立對體型的正確認知，並積極參予營養教育課程，建立良好飲食習慣；重新建立對體重的認知，以促進飲食行為之表現；遵循正確的飲食行為，以延續舞蹈生命。在學校與教育單位方面，增設相關通識課程以宣導正確體型之觀念；針對有意圖減重之學生，提供健康服務計畫；開設適合大學舞蹈系學生的營養、飲食相關課程。
The rapid economic boom in the last decade has significantly impacted the common dietary behavior while the living standard considerately improved, which often led to unbalanced nutrition intake. Triggered by the modern fashion, college students tend to go on different kinds of diets for slimmer body shape. Abnormal dietary behavior has nowadays turned to be an inevitable serious issue. This applied particularly to students from college dance departments, as they have deeper concern on their body image and pursue perfection for recognition among the instructors or peers. The dietary habit therefore becomes a valued research topic. This study focuses on the dietary behavior of students from college dance departments in the aspects of “body image” and “nutrition knowledge”.
This study applies quantitative research method, targets at the students enrolled at college dance department in the school year from Sept. 2005 to June 2006. There were total 860 copies of the questionnaire distributed, out of which 609 effective samples were returned. The questionnaire consists of five sections: Personal Background Survey, Multiple Body-Self Relation Questionnaire, Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Statistical analysis used in the study included descriptive statistical, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and Stepwise regression. The major findings of this study are as follows:
1. Among the subjects, around 70% are registered with national colleges and over 90% are female students.
2. Among the subjects, freshmen and sophomore take up around 30%, close to 75% of them have not chosen the major.
3. Among the subjects, the average of body mass index (BMI) is 19.79. 78.2 percent of them are standard-sized. However, 77.0 percent wish to be above their real heights, while 86.4 percent hope to weight less.
4. Attitudes toward “body images” tend to be positive. The subjects put more emphasis on their outer appearances and will take active action to improve their looks. However, they are less satisfied with their body parts, their weight in particular.
5. The subjects scored 72.5% correctness on nutritional knowledge test.
6. The dietary behavior of the subjects tends slightly towards positive.
7. There was a significant difference respectively between the body images of the subjects and the followings, school, grade, major, BMI. In comparison with subjects from private universities, subjects from public schools have more positive perception about their body image, thoughts and feeling, while freshmen posses more positive attitude than sophomore in the same aspects. Light-weighted students have more positive perception on their body image, thoughts and feelings than those over-weighted.
8. There was a significant difference respectively between the nutrition knowledge of the subjects and the followings, the school and gender. Those from national college students are better than private school students; while female students exceed male students.
9. There was a significant difference respectively between the dietary of the subjects and the followings, gender, BMI. Females’ dietary behaviors appear weaker than male students, while standard-figured and over-weighted students diet worse than those light-weighted.
10. There is low positive relation between body image and nutrition knowledge.
11. The body weight evaluation, health evaluation, BMI, appearance preference and gender of the subjects significantly predict the dietary behavior.
The findings and conclusions of this study recommend the subjects to build up correct body image, take nutrition course for a sounder dietary behavior, modify their perception about body weight for an improved diet, and follow the right diet to extend their life in dancing. As to the schools, it is suggested to introduce more general education courses to promote correct body image, to offer health service programs for students wishing to lose body weight and to initiate more courses on nutrition and dietary for the subjects. |
