| 摘要: | 現今在新聞媒體上的新聞報導和評論投書，雖然文章產出的時間越來越短，但是公開在網路新聞平台的文章上，卻是沒有完全達到「真實、公正、客觀」的精神。對於一個人物或是議題，也會有不同觀點的評論，產生出一些「新聞框架」。而在東漢建安 13 年（西元 208 年）被封為丞相的曹操，在正史陳壽的《三國志》的評價和羅貫中的歷史小說《三國演義》就是很大的反差。
本研究使用兩種研究方法，第一種是內容分析法，第二種則是深入訪談法。在新聞蒐集上面，蒐集《蘋果日報》、《聯合報》、《自由時報》、《中國時報》四大報。而這四大報在台灣的新聞上，分別代表各種「新聞框架」。如此看來，此研究會在這四大報，可以找到曹操這號人物不同的形象。在分析完四大報的曹操形象以後，就運用深入訪談法，訪談三位受訪者，明白曹操這號人物在歷史上，更深刻的形象。
根據內容分析以及深入訪談之研究結果顯示，四大報對曹操之整體形象，雖然是中立居多，但是如果去除中立的形象，正面形象是多過於負面形象的，因為近十年來，曹操的形象已經不再像過去大家在看《三國演義》的時候，會認定曹操屬於負面角色，反而有很多為曹操洗白的觀點出現在文章當中。
而所有報導文本之「新聞框架」，在報導主題是以「政治」方式居多，描述曹操的觀點，跟政治和軍事習習相關，會描述不少曹操過去在從政時的政治手段，以及他參與過之戰爭。而除了軍事和政治這個形象，曹操過去在文學方面之形象，包括他留下來的文學作品，也是很常被後世提到的部分。
最後就報導策略來看，本研究也發現，近十年來在新聞媒體上的作者，在描述跟曹操之相關故事形象當中，理性是多於感性。代表著四大報媒體之文本作者，在描述曹操上面，大部份都是會理性引經據典的。
Today's news reports and review letters in the news media, despite the shorter production time, the articles published online of articles is getting shorter and shorter, but the articles published on online news platforms have not fully achieved the spirit of "truth, Justice, and objectivity." For a person or issue, there will be comments with different viewpoints, and generate some "news frames". The 13th year of Jian'an （建安十三年）of he Eastern Han Dynasty (208 AD), Cao Cao（曹操）, who was Ordained as the prime minister. In the authentic history of Chen Shou’s（陳壽） "Three Kingdoms" and Luo Guanzhong’s （羅貫中） historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a great contrast.
This study uses two research methods, the first is the content analysis method, and the second is the in-depth interview method. On the news gathering, the four major newspapers, "Apple Daily", "United Daily News", "The Liberty Times" and "China Times" are collected. These four major newspapers represent all kind of "News frame" in the news in Taiwan. In this way, this research association can find different images of Cao Cao in these four major newspapers. After analyzing the image of Cao Cao in the four major newspapers, I used the method of in-depth interviews to interview three interviewees to understand that Cao Cao has a deeper image in history.
According to the research results of content analysis and in-depth interviews. Although the overall image of Cao Cao in the four major newspapers is mostly neutral. However, if we remove the neutral image, the positive image is more than the negative image because in the past decade, the image of Cao Cao is no longer as negative as it used to be when people watched "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". On the contrary, there are a lot of whitewashing views of Cao Cao that appear in the text.
In all reports of "News frame", the main topic is "politics", describing Cao Cao's views, which are related to politics and military habits, and will describe many of Cao Cao’s political methods in the past when he was in politics, and the wars he participated in. In addition to the image of military and politics, Cao Cao's past literary images, including the literary works he left behind, are also frequently mentioned by later generations.
Finally, in terms of reporting strategies, this study also found that in the last decade, authors in the news media have more rationality than perceptuality in describing stories and images related to Cao Cao. It means that the writers of the four major newspapers, most of them are rational in their description of Cao Cao. |
