| 摘要: | 懸鉤子、覆盆子和黑莓都是懸鉤子屬除可食用外，於李時珍的本草綱目上記載其全株及果實都可入藥。據本草綱目記載乾燥的懸鉤子益氣輕身，令髮不白，補肝明目，益腎臟，縮小便。然而目前對於懸鉤子本草的研究仍不多，故在此我們研究相關的功能包括檢測懸鉤子本草的抗氧化能力以及對於α-葡萄糖苷酶、體外酪胺酸酶、黃嘌呤氧化酶的活性抑制。
錫金懸鉤子採集自台灣新北市淡水山區。經冷凍乾燥後，以蒸餾水及95%酒精萃取，蒸餾水萃取及酒精萃取分別取部分樣品，再以石油醚萃取，最後得出4種樣品，水萃取樣品、水萃取後石油醚劃分處理(partition treatment)樣品、酒精萃取樣品、酒精萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品，萃取率分別為12.38%、12.8%、8% 及6.7%。結果顯示錫金懸鉤子水萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品的總酚含量最高(GAE 425.35 mg GAE/g) > 水萃取樣品的總酚含量(GAE 418.70 mg GAE/g) > 酒精萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品的總酚含量(GAE 355.59 mg GAE/g) > 酒精萃取樣品的總酚含量(GAE242.00 mg GAE/g)。總黃酮含量酒精取樣品最高(QE 39.59±6.80 mg/g)、其他三種樣品總黃酮含量相近，分別為酒精萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(QE 26.72±3.71 mg/g)、水萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(QE 22.13±2.90 mg/g)及 水萃取樣品(QE 20.28±1.46 mg/g)。清除DPPH自由基清除率順序為酒精萃取樣品(EC50 0.51 mg/mL) > 水萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(EC50 0.67 mg/mL) > 酒精萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(EC50 0.68 mg/mL) > 水萃取樣品(EC50 4.76 mg/mL)。抗氧化能力順序為水萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品 > 水萃取樣品 > 酒精萃取樣品 > 酒精萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品。酪胺酸酶活性的抑制順序為，酒精萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(IC50 10.39 mg/mL) >酒精萃取樣品(IC50 35.50 mg/mL) > 水萃取樣品(IC50 57.27 mg/mL) > 水萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(IC50 58.66 mg/mL)。對於α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制效果順序為水萃取樣品(IC50 1.25 mg/mL) > 水萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(IC50 10.08mg/mL) > 酒精萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(IC50 26.95mg/mL) > 酒精萃取樣品(IC50到50mg/mL都沒有效果)。黃嘌呤氧化酶活性抑制順序酒精萃樣品(IC50 0.30 mg/mL) > 酒精萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品(IC50 10.83 mg/mL)，水萃取樣品及水萃取後石油醚劃分處理樣品無抑制黃嘌呤氧化酶活性效果。
於ICP-MS的分析中，檢測出懸鉤子草本含豐富鉀離子及微量元素。沒有明顯的重金屬沉積(汞、鎘、鉛、砷) 。所以錫金懸鉤子本草或可做為好的保健食品。
Raspberry, Blackberry and Dewberry are the fruits from the plants under genus Rubus, which can be provided as fresh fruit or to be processed into juice, jam and other products. The whole plant and fruit of Rubus was recorded as a traditional Chinese medicine in Compendium of Materia Medica by Shi-Zhen Li. The therapeutic effects of dried Rubus were addressed to nourish liver, enhance visual ability, benefit kidney, and stimulate to concentrate urine; however, less scientific studies about these functions were reported. To explore these nutraceutical effects, preliminary studies were conducted by investigating its ability on anti-oxidation and inhibitory activities of glucosidase, tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase.
We collected the whole plant of Rubus rosifolius in the mountain area in Tamsui District (New Taipei City, Taiwan). After the whole plant was lyophilized and extract with distilled water and 95% ethanol , take part of the samples with distilled water extraction and 95% ethanol extraction respectively, and then extract with petroleum ether partition treatment, finally get 4 kinds of samples, water extracts, water extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment, ethanol extracts, ethanol extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment,, extraction rates were 12.38%, 12.8%, 8% and 6.7%. Results demonstrated that the order of the total phenol content of four Rubus rosifolius samples is water extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment, (GAE 425.35 mg GAE/g)> water extracts (GAE 418.70 mg GAE/g)> ethanol extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment, (GAE 355.59 mg GAE/g)> ethanol extracts (GAE242.00 mg GAE/g). The total flavonoid content of the ethanol extracts is the highest (QE 39.59±6.80 mg/g), and the total flavonoid content of the other three samples is similar. They are ethanol extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment(QE 26.72±3.71 mg/g), water extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment (QE 22.13±2.90 mg/g) and water extracts (QE 20.28±1.46 mg/g). The order of DPPH free radical scavenging rate is ethanol extracts (EC50 0.51 mg/mL)> water extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment(EC50 0.67 mg/mL)> ethanol extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment(EC50 0.68 mg/mL)> water extracts (EC50 4.76 mg/mL). The order of antioxidant capacity is water extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment > water extracts > ethanol extracts > ethanol extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment. The order of inhibition of tyrosinase activity is ethanol extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment(IC50 10.39 mg/mL) > ethanol extracts (IC50 35.50 mg/mL) > water extracts (IC50 57.27 mg/mL) > water extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment(IC50 58.66 mg/mL). The order of inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity is water extracts (IC50 1.25 mg/mL) > water extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment(IC50 10.08 mg/mL) > ethanol extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment, (IC50 26.95 mg/mL) > ethanol extracts (IC50 to 50mg/mL has no effect). Xanthine oxidase activity inhibition sequence is ethanol extracts (IC50 0.30 mg/mL)> ethanol extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment (IC50 10.83 mg/mL), water extracts and water extracts with petroleum ether partition treatment have no inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity.
In the ICP-MS analysis, it was found to possess rich amount of potassium and some essential trace elements, but no significant accumulation of heavy metal (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) in it. Therefore, it should be a good traditional medicine for health care. |
