| 摘要: | 台灣公私合作投資案（以下簡稱：PPP案）已發展為公共建設及服務供給的新方式。然而， PPP案簽約金減少及終止契約案件增多，影響民間的投資意願。因此，探討PPP案成功因素及研擬可行的運作機制，提振台灣PPP案的市場，為一重要課題。
本文之研究，藉由整理與歸納PPP案評估因素群，以模糊德爾非法（Fuzzy Delphi Method, FDM）篩選出適合台灣「PPP成功關鍵因素」，同時以 SWOT法得到「PPP規劃策略」。進而以網絡程式法（Analytic Network Process, ANP）分析發現，在各因素相依影響時，「政治法律」因素為最重要關鍵因素；而各因素為獨立性時，「自償能力」因素為最重要關鍵因素；而無論是各因素為相依性或各因素為獨立性的影響，投資報酬能力及融資能力皆為重要關鍵因素；並且發現「強化投資能力」為最優先規劃策略。並藉由深度訪談方法，探討PPP案政策「適當性」之「公正、效率、效能、充分及回應性」準則，呈現台灣在「法治社會」、「金融財務」環境較不具政策適當性；而「經營技術」較符合政策適當性。
最後，以「臺北文化體育園區-大型室內體育館開發案」與「新北市新莊國際創新園區暨停車場-I Tower大樓案」兩案為實證分析，探討PPP案的不完全契約特性，在面對契約期長的許多變數，政府為了建置有利的法治社會之投資環境，非僅以自償能力作為主要評估因素，仍須與民間機構協商合理可行的投資報酬能力，且在契約中，事先預留彈性、再談判及第三方介入等機制，作為公私合作的利潤共享與風險共擔之機制。
Public-private partnership investment projects (hereinafter referred to as PPP projects) have developed into a new method for public construction and service provision in Taiwan. However, the decrease in the signing fees of PPP projects and the increase in the number of projects with contract termination have affected the people’s willingness to invest. Therefore, exploring the success factors for PPP projects and developing a feasible operation mechanism to boost the market of PPP projects in Taiwan is a topic of critical importance.
This study, by sorting out and summarizing the evaluation factors of PPP projects, employed the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to screen out the “key factors for PPP success” suitable for Taiwan, while also using the SWOT analysis method to obtain “PPP planning strategies”. Furthermore, through analysis using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach, this study has found the following: “political law” is the most crucial key factor when all factors are interdependent; “self-liquidation ability” is the most important key factor when all factors are independent of one another; the ability of return on investment and financing ability are essential key factors regardless of dependent or independent influences among factors. Moreover, “strengthening investment ability” has been found to be the top priority planning strategy. In addition, through the in-depth interview method, this study discusses the policy “appropriateness” of PPP projects in terms of the criteria of “equity, efficiency, effectiveness, adequacy, and responsiveness”. Taiwan presents lower policy appropriateness in the environments of “society governed by the rule by law” and “finance” and higher policy appropriateness in “operational technology”.
Finally, this study explores the incomplete contract nature of PPP projects by conducting an empirical analysis with the Taipei Cultural and Sporting Complex Planning and Taipei Large Indoor Stadium Project and Xinzhuang International Innovation Park and Parking Lot - I Tower Building Project in New Taipei City as examples. In view of the myriad variable factors with long contractual periods, the government must negotiate with private organizations on reasonable and feasible ability of return on investment in order to build a favorable investment environment for a society governed by the rule by law, in lieu of merely taking self-liquidation ability as the main evaluation factor. In addition, flexibility, renegotiation, third-party intervention, and other mechanisms should be reserved in advance in contracts for profit sharing and risk sharing in public-private partnerships. |
