高齡友善鄰里戶外空間建構之探討

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题名:	高齡友善鄰里戶外空間建構之探討 A Study of Outdoor Spatial Configuration for Making A Neighborhood Aging Friendly
作者:	林柚希
贡献者:	景觀學系
关键词:	在地老化高齡友善環境戶外環境舒適度鄰里可及性 aging in place age-friendly environment outdoor comfort neighborhood accessibility
日期:	2022
上传时间:	2023-03-10 13:42:38 (UTC+8)
摘要:	隨著時代的進步、醫療科技設備精進、健康保健意識提升等，使得全球人口平均壽命延長，高齡化趨勢成為近十幾年來全球關注的議題之一。台灣早在1993年就成為高齡化社會，在2018年轉為高齡社會，到2020年每七人中就有一位是65歲以上的高齡者。據國家發展委員會指出依台灣現在人口結構的變化，預估超高齡社會將會提早於2025年到來，也就是每五人就有一位65歲以上的高齡者。在2040年將會升至每三人中就有一位65歲以上的老人，至2070年時將持續升高至每十人就有四位65歲以上的高齡者，其中四位高齡者中就有一位是85歲以上的超高齡老人。由於行動不便隨著年齡的增長而增加，行動不便的老人對於戶外空間的需求不同於健康老人。儘管通用設計旨在滿足盡可能各種類型人的需求，以增加場所的可及性，但對於行動不便的高齡者不僅只是需要提供無障礙設施，更需要考慮其心理層面給予更多的照顧。由於台灣以往的鄰里空間規劃設計並非依據高齡化的老人，尤其在新北市這種住宅也「高齡化」的都市，老舊社區之建築樓層高度多在5層樓以下，巷道狹窄不利人車進出等，故許多行動不便的高齡者之出入成了問題，使得外出頻率大大降低，加上部分高齡者與子女分居，僅與老伴同住或獨守家門，人際互動減少，沒有談話的對象，大幅影響高齡者的心理健康。本研究據國家發展委員會政府資料開放平台之人口數據中，選出位在雙和區之鄰里65歲以上之高齡人口密度大於平均值之鄰里，並以較為集中之區域中安里、泰安里、宜安里、安平里、安順里、安樂里等，作為研究之調查範圍，就此以探究高齡者之日常生活範圍。本研究基於焦點團體的問卷調查，旨在探究高齡者會使用附近的哪些設施及場所，並透過統計分析確認高齡者日常生活空間模式及其生活心理狀態之關係，進而建立高齡友善之鄰里環境。研究調查統計結果發現高齡者最常前往的戶外空間為鄰里公園，多為從事休閒活動平均一周造訪約3次，交通時間大約花費3.55-3.79分鐘，次之為聚會活動平均一周造訪約2.5次，交通時間大約花費2.45-3.17分鐘，最後是購物活動平均一周造訪2次，交通時間大約花費3.08-4.8分鐘。此外，與自然和戶外的生活聯繫有助於減少高齡者們的心理和生理壓力，行動自如之高齡者步行生活主要範圍距離約500公尺行動不便之高齡者使用輔具或搭乘輪椅之生活範圍距離約僅250公尺左右。 With the advancement of medical technology, the progress of the times, and the awareness of health care, etc., the average life expectancy of the global population is increasing, and the trend of aging has become one of the issues of global concern in recent decades. Similarly Taiwan became an aging society as early as 1993, and in 2018 it will become an aging society, with one in seven people being 65 years old or older by 2020. According to the National Development Council, based on the current demographic changes in Taiwan, it is estimated that the super-aged society will arrive earlier than 2025, which means that one in five people will be 65 years old or older. In 2040, the number will rise to one out of every three persons aged 65 or older, and will continue to rise to four out of every ten persons aged 65 or older by 2070. Among these old adults, quarter of them will be age above 85. Since disability rates rise with age, an aging disabled population can have a significant impact on the public outdoor environment. Although universal design aims to meet the needs of as many people as possible to mitigate the impact, aging people with mobility impairments or disabilities need to be taken care of more than just accessible facilities. Since the current configuration of urban space in Taiwan does not take into account the problem of aging, especially in New Taipei City, the height of buildings in older neighborhoods is mostly below five stories and old. Moreover, narrow lanes and alleys make old adults have difficulty and less change to go outside. In addition, some elderly people are separated from their children and live alone with their husband/wife or by only himself/herself, thereby reduces interpersonal interaction and leaves them with no one to talk to, thus significantly affecting their mental health. According to the demographic data from the National Development Council's Open Platform for Government Information, a neighborhood park with a high proportion of senior citizens over 65 years of age in Yonghe and Zhonghe. District was selected as the base for this study to investigate the daily life of senior citizens. Based on the focus group questionnaire, through focus group questionnaire survey, this study aims at exploring the relationship between senior mental health and neighborhood places frequently used by them for their daily living. According to this study, statistical analysis unveils that the most common outdoor spaces that seniors visit are neighborhood parks, mostly for leisure activities, and they generally spent about less than 4 minutes walking from homes to parks for about 3 days weekly. For activity gathering, old adults spent about 3 minutes walking from homes to parks for about 2.5 days weekly. For activity shopping, old adults spent about 4.8 minutes walking from homes to convenience store for about 2 days weekly. In addition, the connection with nature and outdoor life may reduce their psychological and physical stress. The walking distance of the elderly who can move freely is about 500 meters, and the living distance of the elderly with mobility difficulties using assistive devices or wheelchairs is only about 250 meters.
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