| 摘要: | 商業保險的功能與意義多數人都將其界定在作為風險轉嫁及醫療、失能等補償之用途，只有少數之長者的資產持有方式是以保單為主。但實際上商業保險在理財工具中扮演著非常重要的角色，例如：未來資產確定保值、受益人可明確指定有類信託之功能、兼具高額壽險保障、有效降低應稅資產總額、未來稅金來源的預留、有效隔離企業與家庭資產等多項功能。因此國內、外世界各國的高資產族群已經有愈來愈多人士將其作為退休及未來財富傳承重要的關鍵理財工具。
本研究以大台北地區之50歲(含)以上之前銀髮族且曾於企業任職中高階以上主管為主要問卷對象，其目的是這群四、五年級生的受訪者正是為台灣建立所謂經濟奇蹟的創立者。他們在歷經30多年打拼後好不容易累積一筆可觀的存款，對於未來退休金的準備該如何做到創富、守富及傳富是他們現階段理財規劃中最關切的議題。因此本研究經過眾多受訪者的問卷整理後；利用結構方程模式(SEM- PLS3.3.3)的分析驗證，結合理性行為理論、計劃行為理論以及印象管理三個理論為研究架構，進而推出9項假說探討商業保險作為這群族的關鍵理財工具是否成立。
分析結果採取分群驗證方式，其中以全體受訪者及50歲~65歲之受訪者的比例為大宗，占了88.11%。二者看法皆一致，對於以商業保險作為關鍵理財工具的「行為的態度」之假說及期望自己長壽的「內在印象」之假說不成立外，其餘7個假說皆成立。
根據過往學者研究指出這族群以保單為主要資產保有者的比例不到5%。大多數人皆以早期購屋及存在銀行為主要理財工具；這與華人有土斯有財的價值觀不謀而合。現代平均壽命日益延長但多數人卻忽略了退休金準備不足或是在年老時龐大資產選擇的理財工具不當，造成子女為了分配不均而對簿公堂。
故本研究針對保險相關單位或機構提出二項建議：
一、加強商業保險給消費者正面的印象
二、強化商業保險功能相關知識的推廣
將商業保險作為關鍵理財工具之優點有效傳達；落實人壽保險成為前銀髮族在退休規劃及財富傳承最佳的選擇，達到長者退休無虞、富者有效傳承、政府有即時的稅收；以增進社會合諧創造共好為宗旨。
The function and significance of commercial insurance is defined by most people as the use of risk transfer and compensation for medical treatment, disability, etc. Only a small number of senior citizens use insurance policies as their assets. But in fact, commercial insurance plays a very important role in financial management tools. For example: future assets are determined to maintain value, beneficiaries can be clearly designated, additional high-value life insurance protection, reduction of total taxable assets, reserve tax sources, effective isolation of corporate and family assets, and many other functions. Therefore, more and more high-asset groups use it as an important key financial management tool for retirement and future wealth inheritance.
This research focuses on (former) silver-haired people over 50 years of age (inclusive) in the Greater Taipei area who have worked for mid- to high-level or above executives in companies as the main questionnaires. Because these respondents over the age of 50 are the creators who witnessed Taiwan’s economic miracle. After more than 30 years of hard work, they have managed to accumulate a considerable pension. How to create wealth, preserve wealth, and spread wealth is probably the most concerned issue in their financial planning at this stage. Therefore, this research has been sorted out by many interviewees’ questionnaires; using structural equation model (SEM-PLS3.3.3) analysis and verification, Combining the three theories of rational behavior theory, planned behavior theory, and impression management as the research framework, nine hypotheses are put forward to explore whether commercial insurance is a key financial management tool for this group.
The analysis results are verified by grouping, among which the proportion of all respondents and those aged 50 to 65 is the majority, accounting for 88.11%. The two views are the same, except that the hypothesis of "behavior attitude" and the "positive impression" hypothesis of using commercial insurance as a key financial management tool are not valid, the other 7 hypotheses are all valid. According to previous studies by scholars, the proportion of this group of people with insurance policies as their main asset holders is less than 5%. Most people use early house purchases and bank releases as their main financial management tools; this coincides with the Chinese value of having soil and wealth. Modern life expectancy is increasing day by day, but most people ignore that insufficient pension reserves or improper selection of financial tools for huge assets in old age have caused children to go to court for uneven distribution.
Therefore, this study puts forward two suggestions for insurance-related
units or institutions: 1. Strengthen the positive impression of commercial insurance on consumers 2. Strengthen the promotion of insurance financial management related knowledge. Effectively communicate the advantages of commercial insurance as a key financial management tool; the implementation of insurance policies has become the best choice for the (former) silver-haired family in retirement planning and wealth inheritance, so that the elderly can retire without fear, the rich can effectively inherit, and the government has immediate taxation; to enhance society Harmony creates a common good for the purpose. |
