| 摘要: | 人口作為都市最活躍的要素，掌握人口也是確保都市計畫合理制定的前提。由於中國大陸國民經濟的逐漸提升，醫療水平的進一步發展，人口平均壽命日益成長，人口高齡化問題成為了不可忽視的問題。嘉興市作為杭州都市圈副中心都市，老年人收入水平逐漸上升，消費面向不斷擴展，交通出行條件的改善，傳統的居家養老漸漸不能滿足老年人的多樣化需求，老年人不僅僅滿足自身基本生理需求，還更加注重晚年生活的品質，近年來，養老產業向老年健康、老年旅遊發展，養老需求也從生理需求往更高層次的精神需求發展，養老產業結構逐漸往文化休閒育樂發展，在此大背景下異地養老產業應運而生，但是目前異地養老產業在啟蒙之初存在發展規模性不大、產業體系不完善等一系列問題。對於未來，異地養老產業是否能長遠發展，民眾對異地養老抱有什麼態度，本研究將透過文獻研究、問卷調查等方法，深入分析異地養老的概念，內涵、以及相關理論依據，對蒐集的數據信息進行匯總分析，隨後透過實證分析，了解民眾對於異地養老產業的意願態度。最後結合理論與問卷調查結果，總結形成一個新的銀髮族經濟活動趨勢，對異地養老產業發展提出一些建議，同時為後續研究提供一些參考。研究發現：（1）收入水平是決定異地養老意願重要的因素。老人為較年輕，職業為黨政機關與國有、事業單位、文化程度較高、有配偶的情況會傾向於異地養老。（2）居住在城鎮或者還是農村，民眾對於異地養老的意願差距不顯著，表明嘉興成為城鄉高水平均衡發展的先行地與示範地。基於高齡者異地養老意願決策行為實證研究結果，提出以下四點建議。一是政府加強指導和政策引導，破解制度障礙；二是規範行業標準，加強監管；三是加強異地養老觀念的引導；四是合理佈局異地養老產業，在土地使用中保留一部分來當做養老用地，把握嘉興極佳的地理位置與跨越式發展機遇。
Aging is an obvious feature of global population development in the 21st century. Combining the declining fertility and mortality levels, with the extension of the average life expectancy, population aging seems to be an irreversible situation. Population is the most active element of a city, and knowing the population is a prerequisite for proper urban planning. As the national economy in Mainland Chinese is gradually improving, medical care is developing continuously, and the average life expectancy of the population is growing, the issue of population aging is becoming an issue that cannot be ignored. Jiaxing, as a sub-center city of Hangzhou metropolitan area, public facilities and services are gradually improving, so as the economic condition of the elderly In recent years, the elderly care industry has been entering elderly health and elderly tourism areas, which means the elderly care have been moving from physiological needs towards higher-level spiritual needs. One of the development is the emergence of the foreign elderly care industry, i.e. elderly lives in places differing from their hometowns. In its early development, it has confronted with a series of issues and difficulties such aas small scale of development and imperfect industrial system. Whether the nomadic style of nursing home can be sustainably developed and the public attitudes towards such a service is in doubt.Thus, this paper analyzed the concept, connotation, and theoretical basis of off site elderly care through literature research and questionnaire survey, as well as summarized and analyzed the collected data and information. Moreover, it empirically analyzed the public's attitude toward the off-site elderly care industry. Finally, it concluded that the theoretical and questionnaire survey results provided some suggestions on the development and policies of the foreign elderly care industry, and recommendations for the subsequent research. The study found that: (1) Income level is an important factor in determining the willingness to retire in a different place. The elderly who are younger, working in political party and government agencies, state-owned and public institutions, highly educated, and have a spouse tend to retire in a different place. (2) There is no significant difference in people's willingness to retire in different places when they live in urban or rural areas, indicating that Jiaxing has become a pioneer and demonstration of high-level balanced development in urban and rural areas. Based on the results of the empirical study in the decision making of senior citizens' willingness to retire in a different place, the following four suggestions are made. First, the government should strengthen policy guidance to break the institutional barriers. Second, the industry standards should be standardized and supervision should be strengthened. Third, the concept of cross-location elderly care should be strengthened. Fourth, the cross location elderly care industry should be reasonably laid out, and a portion of the land use should be reserved as elderly care land, so as to use Jiaxing's excellent geographical location to promote the concept and industry of retire in different places. |
