銀行法特別背信罪之實務研究

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Title:	銀行法特別背信罪之實務研究 The Case Study on the Special Breach of Trust Crime of Banking Law
Authors:	林錦村
Contributors:	法律學系
Keywords:	特別背信背信銀行法銀行法第125條之2 銀行法特別背信罪銀行金融經濟犯罪金融犯罪財經犯罪白領犯罪商業判斷
Date:	2021
Issue Date:	2023-02-09 13:51:48 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本論文旨透過銀行法第125條之2特別背信罪之實務判決，參酌德日比較法、立法沿革、法學方法論研析該罪之保護法益、構成要件與其法律適用相關問題。又因銀行法特別背信罪係在刑法背信罪之後增訂，兩者之構成要件雖未完全相同，但極為相似，爰有併探討刑法背信罪之構成要件與性質，參酌德日背信罪規定，以研析特別背信罪。至研究範圍僅討論特別背信罪之刑責，而未涉民事及行政法範疇。再就銀行法增訂特別背信罪之前及之後，本國及外國銀行負責人或職員之案例探討，以分析新舊法適用，俾能允妥適用構成要件。另由偵審實務觀點提出防制銀行負責人或職員犯特別背信罪之具體作為，包括應透過銀行「自律」、金管會、司法機關、客戶與全民監督之「他律」，及「增訂揭弊者保護法」三支箭同時進行，始能竟全功，以維護人民對銀行信賴及金融秩序穩定。最後則就銀行法特別背信罪之構成要件及法律適用疑義提出本文之結論。又提出違背職務之判斷基準、構成要件層級化之檢視次序供職司偵查審判之檢警調法人員參酌，以求訴訟經濟與保障人權及速偵速結速判決確定以實現司法正義。亦就法律適用之疑義、修法條文草案等提出建議，以完善周延法律規定，俾使檢警法有效偵辦及審理案件，且使銀行負責人、職員有所遵循，以免涉有刑責及內部懲處。 The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of Article 125- 2 of the Banking Act regarding crimes of Special Breach of Trust, supplemented by comparative German-Japanese law, legislative evolution and legal theory regarding protection of legal interests, the constitutional elements of the crime and the related issues of the application of the law. Because Special Breach of Trust under the Banking Act was added after the crime of Breach of Trust in the Criminal Law, the constituent elements of the two are not exactly the same but they are very similar. Moreover, the crime of Breach of Trust in our country's criminal law parallels the provisions of the crime of Breach of Trust in Germany and Japan, so it also discusses the constitutional elements and nature of the crimes of Breach of Trust. This analysis focus on Special Breach of Trust from a criminal liability perspective as opposed to a civil or administrative law perspective. We will discuss the case studies involving heads or employees of domestic and foreign banks before and after the new version of Special Breach of Trust under the Banking Act, and analyzes the application of the old and new laws to a case to properly interpret the constituent elements of Special Breach of Trust, proposing the specific measurement to prevent the heads person or staff of a bank from committing Special Breach of Trust in terms of the practical investigation on the criminal cases regarding Special Breach of Trust. It includes the“self-discipline” from the bank's and the “third-party discipline” of the financial management committee, the judiciary, the customer and the general supervision of the people, and the “enactment of the law on the protection of fraudsters.( the Whistleblower Protection Act) ” When the above three arrows are carried out at the same time, that will be able to achieve the goal of maintaining the trust of the bank and the stability of the financial order. The conclusion will review the elements of this study and criticisms regarding the application of law. We suggest the criteria for violation of duties, the hierarchical inspection sequence of the constituent elements for the prosecutors, police investigators and judges who are in charge of investigative trials that facilitate the examination of constitutive elements in an orderly manner to achieve economic litigation and the protection of human rights, rapid investigation/trials and justice. We also put forward suggestions for the relevant doubts regarding the application of the law and the draft amendments to the law, so as to enable the prosecutors to efficiently investigate and deal with cases and enable the bank’s head persons and staff to follow them, avoiding criminal liability and internal punishment.
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