| 摘要: | 兩岸社區矯治、刑事訴訟法制，都有將電子監控作為輔助措施，應用在相關處遇，於社區矯治層面，電子監控帶來的效益頗大，主要集中在社會復歸、社會防衛與成本考量上。而台灣電子監控應用在社區矯治的部分，具體情狀之適用暨遵循之法規，較之大陸而言，係較為限縮的。是以，兩岸雙方就相關制度的比較來說，囿於雙方法制環境、風土民情之同異，故相關歧異，造就出兩岸社區矯治層面適用電子監控內容上的落差，即：適用範圍之廣狹、資源挹注之多寡、執法體系之異同等面向。
另電子監控於刑事訴訟程序中之偵審程序，亦有其大展拳腳之處。蓋電子監控相關之卓越性能，並具有高隱蔽等特性，故其於偵審程序功能提供了諸多的助益。舉凡：防止相關人等逃匿之功能、著眼於司法資源有限下之成本控制考量、透過相關設備之應用來發現真實功能等。惟，基於電子監控相關設備的強大性能，是以對人民之基本權利的侵害可能性，自然大幅提高。不論是人民之隱私權、人格權、抑或人身自由等基本權利，遭致侵害之可能，不容小覷。從而，健全法制之配合，方才是解決前述疑慮的最佳解方。台灣於2019年末修訂之相關法規，將電子監控作為羈押替代處分之一的措施，正式確定了電子監控應用於刑事法制的明確定位。而大陸於偵審程序應用電子監控的適例，相較台灣係有過之而無不及。現今，大陸將電子監控應用於刑事法制的面向，主要分散在監視居住、技術偵查當中。肇因於兩岸先天環境之差異，故就應用該措施於相關法制的情況，亦有所差異，相關落差體現於應用範圍之廣狹、適用情狀之深淺及偵查作為之有無上。
本文所欲梳理電子監控之意義及功能、介紹兩岸法制層面上應用相關措施之概要情形，並藉此比較電子監控實際應用之相關問題，進而參酌大陸目前應用之相關法制，從中汲取對於台灣電子監控，有所助益之要素，借助可以參酌之素材，希冀最後能對台灣相關法制提出建言。
Community corrections on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and the criminal procedure legal system all use electronic surveillance as an auxiliary measure, which is applied to relevant situations. In the scale of community correction, the benefits of electronic surveillance are considerable, mainly focusing on social rehabilitation, social defense and cost considerations. The application of electronic surveillance in Taiwan to community corrections, the application of specific circumstances and the laws and regulations to follow are mutually restrictive compared to the mainland. , As far as the comparison of related systems is concerned, the two sides of the strait are limited by the dual-system environment and the similarities and differences in customs and customs. Therefore, the related differences have created a gap in the content of electronic monitoring for community corrections on both sides of the strait, that is: the scope of application is wide and narrow, and resources The number of notes, the similarities and differences of the law enforcement system, etc.
In addition, electronic monitoring in the criminal investigation process also has its advantages. Covers the excellent performance related to electronic monitoring, and has the characteristics of high concealment, so its function in the investigation process provides many benefits. Examples: functions to prevent related persons from escaping, focusing on cost control considerations under limited judicial resources, and discovering real functions through the application of related equipment, etc. However, based on the powerful performance of electronic monitoring related equipment, the possibility of infringement on the basic rights of the people is naturally greatly increased. Whether it is the basic rights of the people's privacy, personality, or personal freedom, the possibility of being violated should not be underestimated. Therefore, the coordination of a sound legal system is the best solution to the aforementioned doubts. Taiwan’s relevant laws and regulations revised at the end of 2019 adopted electronic surveillance as an alternative measure of detention, and formally established the clear positioning of electronic surveillance in criminal law. The mainland's application of electronic surveillance in the investigation process is even better than that of Taiwan. Nowadays, the mainland applies electronic surveillance to the criminal legal system, mainly scattered in residential surveillance and technical investigations. Due to the difference in the innate environment between the two sides of the strait, the application of this measure to the relevant legal system is also different. The relevant gap is reflected in the wide and narrow scope of application, the depth of the application situation, and the existence of investigation.
The purpose of this article is to sort out the meaning and functions of electronic surveillance, introduce the general situation of the application of relevant measures at the legal level of the two sides of the strait, and to compare the relevant issues related to the practical application of electronic surveillance, and then refer to the relevant legal systems currently applied in the mainland, and learn from Taiwan electronic surveillance , The helpful elements, with the help of materials that can be considered, I hope to finally make suggestions on the relevant legal system in Taiwan. |
