| 摘要: | 金融控股公司透過股份持有之方式，對個別擁有經營權之獨立法人格之銀行、證券公司及保險公司等金融機構取得控制權，參與並影響其業務經營，形成一範疇經濟。金融集團可利用其範疇經濟之優勢，推動共同行銷並使其資本運用更有效率，然而相反的，此種模式也可能使經營階層或大股東竊取公司資產或進行掏空、利益輸送。
公司內部人對於公司具有忠實義務，執行業務時應當以公司利益為第一優先，禁止其進行關係人交易看似合理，然而，關係人交易對於公司具有不容忽視之利益，若全面排除關係人交易似乎並未妥適，觀諸我國立法政策，亦未採取全面否定關係人交易，相對的，我國係在承認關係人交易下，對此類型之交易設有規範。
2008年之金融危機，美國部分之金融集團大到無法倒閉，銀行之跨業經營使得金融集團內部成為不同金融業各種風險之渠道，且金融集團之間具有高度連結性，這些巨型金融機構發生流動性危機，隨即引發系統性風險。將參考美國德拉瓦州法對關係人交易之立法規範，以及其金融監理體系之制定，同時蒐集個案作分類分析。
關係人交易為公司營運中常見之交易型態，卻因所牽涉之主體眾多，交易類型複雜，我國法律規定又未設有統一規範。本文希冀能使關係人交易之定義明確化，事前之決策程序及監督機制更強化，並將外國實務上之經營判斷法則及整體公平審查標準等司法審查之設置，適度運用於我國案例，使關係人在交易前先思考是否揭露該交易之利益衝突，以免於事後須舉證之問題，促進有效率之司法審查。
Through shareholdings, financial holding companies can control financial institutions, such as banks, security companies, and insurance companies etc. They can use their superiorty to promote joint marketing, yet, this way of business also cause senior managers and stockholders steal company’s assets or transfer benefits. Company’s insiders (including directors, supervisors, mangers, etc.) have duty of loyalty, they have to put company’s interests as the first priority. Therefore, prohibiting related party transactions seems reasonable. However, some related party transactions have non-negligible benefits. It is not appropriate if we completely ban this kind of transactions.
The financial crisis in 2008, most of the financial conglomerates were so enormous that couldn’t collapse in America. The cross-industry operation of banks leads to internal risks of financial conglomerates. As a result of highly connection, systemic risks burst out. This article will refer to the regulations in related party transactions, financial supervision, and cases of Delaware.
Related party transaction is a common type in company, however, due to complex genres of transaction and does not unify all the laws in our country, this article expected to provide a specific definition of related party transaction. Also, we can use business judgment rule and entire fairness standard appropriately in our cases. By doing this, it can avoid difficulty of proving and promote judicial review efficiently. |
