| 摘要: | 西方世界經過十七世紀的沙龍文化薰陶，逐漸地發展出一套社交禮儀。人與人的關係不再以暴力為唯一訴求，而轉為較文明的交往方式。到了十八世紀，講究外表的藝術幾乎成為個人生活的重心。而身體尤其是臉部和眼睛，因為屬於人與人溝通的重要工具，更成為學習與研究的對象。藉由觀察別人的眼神和表情，不但可以洞察別人的心思，引為警惕，還可以進一步控制自己的眼神、表情、和身體的反應，使別人無法捉摸自己的本意，而加以利用。在這個過程當中，除了了解別人，以保護自己之外，最重要的是可以藉此認識自我，發展獨立意識，區分外相與本質，進而達到自我的完整與自主。本文以聖西蒙公爵《回憶錄》和《危險關係》中梅爾德伊侯爵夫人的書信作比較，來探討以上的問題。並試圖釐清面具與內心，透明與阻隔，錯覺與真相之間錯綜複雜的關係。
What is known in French as "Culture Des Salons" exerted an edifying influence on the western world during the seventeenth century, gradually producing a, complete set of new rites in social intercourse, which could be considered as an answer to a unique claim,that is a desire to upset the general rules of social intercourse by violence, which changed into a relatively enlightened contact pattern. Beginning with the eighteenth century, arts relating to outward appearance almost became the core of individual life. As for the body, especially parts such as face and eyes, since they do belong to the set of most important tools of communication of man with other people, from that moment on it became an object of study and research. By watching somebody else's eyes and expression, one can see through his heart, arousing one's vigilance, the next step being a strict control of one's own vision, expression and reactions of body, preventing other people from seeing to the truth. During this process, besides the comprehension of others and the protection of oneself, the most important point is the ability to acquire real knowledge of oneself, develop independent consciousness, differentiate appearance and intrinsic quality, in order to get finally to one's integrated and autonomous self. This article, making a comparison between a selected piece from Memoirs of the Duke of SAIN-SIMON and a letter supposedly written by Marquess of MERTEUIL, from a book by Choderlos of LACLOS, Dangerous liaisons, is a study about the above mentioned problem, and is to be an attemp to elucidate the intricate relationship between mask and inner feelings, transparency and opacity, illusion and truth. |
