自從思想概念的史料編纂不再受制於某種歐洲自我中心主義後，中國哲學╱西洋哲學的對立也就成為老生常談的話題了。中國哲學似乎以講究實際為終極目的，使得人與自然環境能夠和諧共存，而西洋哲學卻好像一下子就產生一種愈來愈脫離現實及多少有點庸俗考量之論說。 無庸置疑的這個帶有各種形式的昭著的logos（話語、論說、論據）曾支配著整個希臘思想。如眾所周知，套一句B. Williams的話「希臘給予西洋哲學的遺產就是西洋哲學」。 每當追溯西洋哲學的源泉時就會發覺事情並不是常常那麼分明：如果很快就覺察到現實╱論說的對立，然而也可觀察到超越這種對立的企圖。 本篇論文試圖從描述希臘思想的各階段中釐清超越現實╱論說對立的各種企圖：形而上學消除現實與思想統一之論說的企圖；修辭學無法接受真理可以脫離論說的企圖；從存在學的企圖裡有時論說自我毀滅，有時卻能提供給一生獻身於完善及幸福的訣竅。
Ever since the historiography of ideas emerged from a sort of Eurocentrism, the contrasting of Chinese with western philosophies has become commonplace: the matter of fact finality of the former would have allowed man to live in harmony with his environment, while the latter would have given rise at the outset to a discourse increasingly detached from reality and from more or less attached to pedestrian concerns. It is certain that, in its various forms, the “logos”(speech, discourse, reason) has dominated the Greek thought and we know, as the expression of B. Williams goes, that “the legacy of Greece to western philosophy is western philosophy ”. Returning to its roots, however, we realize that things are not always so clear cut: if the reality/discourse divide is perceived early on, then attempts to go beyond will also be noticed. While recounting the various stages of Greek thought, the purpose of this article is to clear up these various attempts: the metaphysical attempt, which abolishes discourse on the unity of reality and thought; the rhetorical attempt, which does not accept truth outside of discourse; the existential attempt, in which the discourse at times self-destructs and at times offers the mean to a life devoted to good and happiness.
