| 摘要: | 本論文係依據「歷史制度論」（Historical Institutionalism）為研究理論核心，分析1987年解嚴後及三次政黨輪替的行政院組織再造。相關組織再造的歷程以提出組織再造的背景和依據；行政、立法對組織再造之互動關係；組織再造路徑依賴之調整；推動組織再造經驗之成效，做為四大主軸，並再分為四個執政時期的路徑依賴，大致論點如下：
第一階段李登輝執政時期：
1987年解嚴後行政院組織不斷擴張，朝野各方認為過去代表威權統治的八部二會結構仍有不足之處。因應李登輝推動憲政改革，開始啟動國是會議、總統直選、國家發展會議和精省等措施，藉以回應民間社會期盼。
第二階段陳水扁執政時期：
2000年至2008年，我國首次政黨輪替，可謂組織再造的絕佳時機。陳水扁從全國行政革新會議、經發會到政府改造委員會，不斷提出各項興革措施。然而，因朝小野大僵局及再造版本過多不利法案審查，加上國會屆期不連續，未能如期在立法院順利通過。
第三階段馬英九執政時期：
2008年至2016年，此階段為第二次政黨輪替馬英九政府。馬英九訴求打造「精簡、彈性、效能的政府」，當時行政、立法院院長、歷任研考會主委對組織再造相關議案立場均相當一致。因此共識，逐步將行政院37個部會縮減為29個機關部會，也是組織再造最成功的一個階段。
第四階段蔡英文執政時期：
2016年至2018年，此階段為第三次政黨輪替蔡英文政府。歷年來組織再造的推動，有利於蔡英文政府匯集、調和折衷大多數利益團體的意見與路徑依賴的建立。執政黨通過延長組織調整暫行條例與機關首長採「政務／常務雙軌制」，也凸顯蔡英文政府對完成組織再造的決心。
綜上：本論文再針對四大部會，農業委員會、內政部、勞動部與經濟部做個案路徑分析。基於上述情境，將焦點放在政黨輪替，探討各元首執政時期組織再造論述與路徑依賴。最後歸納總結我國未來組織再造的建議方向，以供政府組織再造主管機關及後續研究參考。
This paper adopts the research approach of historical institutionalism to review the path of reinventing government of the Executive Yuan.After Constitutional Amendments of the Republic of China, we have democratically elected four presidents through direct election(Lee Teng-Hui, Chen Shui-Bian, Ma Ying-Jiu, Tsai Ing-Wen).From 1987 to 2018,even though several agencies had been created in response to new needs,the main structure of the Executive Yuan maintains 8 ministries and 2 councils according to The Executive Yuan Organic Law.Components of the reform process,such as organizational structure,business management,mission,personnel management, governmental relationships.The government organization reform and the reduction in the number of administrative agencies have become the focus for reform.
During 2000’s election of President,Shui-Pien Chen afford Reinventing Government and new middle road, is different from past ideal of business-like government.This governmental reengineering project has been waiting for more than thirty years and finally completed legislation on January 12th, 2010 under Mr. Ma Ying-jeou’s leadership.The Executive Yuan in Taiwan was restructured on January 1,2012,with three main principles:streamlined performance,flexibility,and efficacy.The criticism soon turned into a reality that Taiwan Provincial Government needed to be downsized to a reasonable scale and started a process of reinventing government beginning in 1998.Aiming at four more ministries with fresh and clear controversies of Executive Yuan does the individual cases analysis. Since launching in 1987,organic modification of the Executive Yuan has spanned over three decades, and yet no changes have been made in the existing basic framework.This research confirms which the Organization Reengineering crucial moment is within the ruling period of KMT or DPP. Regime,then figures that the interruption and delay of the amending procedure is caused by the problems in the politics and agenda angles, and provides the solving suggestions in the end. These articles will propose helpful comments for the application of the Act and its further amendments. |
