The winter squash (Cucurbita moschata, Cm) superoxide dismutase (SOD) CmSOD gene and Arabidopsis thaliana (At)SOD gene were transferred under a ubiquitin promoter into Arabidopsis via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The expression and amount of SOD and the SOD activities in the AtSOD and CmSOD transgenic lines were significantly higher than those of non-transgenic (NT) plants exposed to 23 or 4 degrees C treatment for 6 similar to 192-h periods. Furthermore, expressions of the cold-inducible gene (AtCBF2) and desiccation-responsible transcription factors (AtRD29A/B) were also activated in all transgenic lines compared to NT plants after chilling treatments. Compared to NT plants under chilling stress, superoxide (center dot O2(-)) accumulation was significantly lower, and chlorophyll (Chl) contents were significantly higher in all transgenic lines with higher SOD activity. Moreover, Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing AtSOD and CmSOD also displayed greater resistance to chilling and less oxidative injury than NT plants under chilled conditions, indicating that the overexpression of AtSOD and CmSOD in Arabidopsis enhanced chilling tolerance by eliminating center dot O2(-). The expression of AtRD29A was strongly up-regulated only in AtSOD transgenic plants treated with abscisic acid (ABA), while it was repressed in other transgenic plants, indicating ABA-sensitive AtCBF2 and AtRD29A/B transcriptional regulation signaling pathways in transgenic Arabidopsis under chilling conditions.
