| 摘要: | 1997年香港主權回歸中國，香港開始實行「一國兩制、港人治港、高度自治」，香港的社會發展也因此發生了巨大的變化。自回歸以來，香港面臨的社會變遷是劇烈而快速的，涵括了政治、經濟、社會和文化等不同層面，當社會秩序的調整無法跟上變遷的速度時，就容易產生衝突，而衝突也將引發新一波的改革。本研究嘗試透過歷史社會學的脈絡檢視回歸後三任特首任內重大事件，並利用社會衝突理論解釋香港社會變遷的發展與結果，希冀能對香港研究做出個人些許的貢獻。
本研究認為，影響香港變遷最大的因素來自於和中國的融合進程，而衝突最大的原因來自於中國擴大融合速度與範疇時香港社會的不滿及恐懼。而本應扮演社會安全閥的香港政府，也由於功能不彰及管治效率的低落，進而激化香港經濟民生議題的矛盾，讓香港的結構性問題日益嚴重，致使香港社會將衝突的不滿歸咎於中國，「一國」與「兩制」的爭議更加難解。要解決香港社會衝突與調適的問題，端視香港政府能否發揮良善的管治效能，而香港政府能有善治的前提則是中國賦予它更多的空間與權力而非緊縮，而這顯然涉及中國的整體戰略及其治港政策。故而，以目前中國的政經發展趨勢而言，香港的社會衝突恐難以消弭，中港之間的互動發展也將提供吾人對兩岸關係的走向有更多借鑑。
Since the handover of Hong Kong in 1997, ‘One country, Two systems’, ‘Hong Kong People ruling Hong Kong’, and ‘The High Degree of Autonomy’ have been executed in Hong Kong. The social development in Hong Kong therefore has come up to huge changes. From the time of handover, Hong Kong has confronted with dramatically and rapidly social movements, which include various aspects of politics, economics, society and culture. When the adjustments of social order could not keep pace with the transition, the conflicts trigger another wave of reformation easily. This research surveys magnificent events occurred in three chief executives after hangover by the historical sociology’s thread of thought. Besides, it also explains the development and result of the movement in Hong Kong by the theory of social conflict. I expect to have my contribution through this dissertation to the research of Hong Kong.
The study considers that the process integrating with China was the main factor casing movements in Hong Kong. The major reason of conflicts is caused by China’s overwhelming expanded speed and integration, and it results in the resentful and dread in Hong Kong society. In addition, the malfunction and inefficiency of Hong Kong government, which should have been the role of social safety valve, intensified the contradiction of the economics and people's wellbeing in Hong Kong. This led to the problem of construction becoming more and more serious and Hong Kong’s discontent from the conflicts was imputed to China. Therefore, the controversial issues of ‘One Country’ and ‘Two Systems’ become harder to solve. To straighten out the problem of social conflicts and adjustment, it is important that if Hong Kong government has the ability to develop good governance. The pre-conditions is that China authorizes the government of Hong Kong more space and autonomy rather than reduction; however, this obviously affects China’s whole strategies and policies to Hong Kong. In consequence, for the current trend of politics and economics development in China, the social clashes in Hong Kong seems hard to be solved. The interaction between China and Hong Kong could be applied and referred to my research on the direction of Cross-Strait relations. |
